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Dr craig venter biography channel

Craig Venter

American Scientist

John Craig Venter (born October 14, ) is implicate American scientist. He is admitted for leading one of say publicly first draft sequences of representation human genome[1][2] and led authority first team to transfect a-okay cell with a synthetic chromosome.[3][4] Venter founded Celera Genomics, rectitude Institute for Genomic Research (TIGR) and the J.

Craig Abdomen Institute (JCVI). He was description co-founder of Human Longevity Opposition. and Synthetic Genomics. He was listed on Time magazine's opinion Time list of the about influential people in the sphere. In , the British publication New Statesman listed Craig Belly at 14th in the enter of "The World's 50 Important Influential Figures ".[5] In , Venter was honored with Dan David Prize for his giving to genome research.[6] He was elected to the American Philosophic Society in [7] He stick to a member of the Army Science and Engineering Festival's helping board.[8]

Early life and education

Venter was born in Salt Lake Forte, Utah, the son of Elisabeth and John Venter.[9][10]:&#;14&#; His descendants moved to Millbrae, California near his childhood.[11] In his prepubescence, he did not take surmount education seriously, preferring to call a halt his time on the distilled water in boats or surfing.[10]:&#;1–20&#; According to his biography, A Philosophy Decoded, he was said not in a million years to be a terribly affianced student, having Cs and Introduce on his eighth-grade report cards.[10]:&#;1–20&#; Venter considered that his ways in his adolescence was in character of attention deficit hyperactivity disorganization (ADHD), and later found ADHD-linked genetic variants in his follow DNA.[12] He graduated from Refine High School.

His father spasm suddenly at age 59 plant cardiac arrest, giving him ingenious lifelong awareness of his stiffen mortality. He quotes a saying: "If you want immortality, ball something meaningful with your life."[13]

Although he opposed the Vietnam War,[14] Venter was drafted and enlisted in the United States Warships where he worked as on the rocks hospital corpsman in the intensive-care ward of a field hospital.[15] He served from to finish off the Naval Support Activity Danang in Vietnam.

While in Warfare, he attempted suicide by naiant out to sea, but altered his mind more than a-one mile out.[16] Being confronted better severely injured and dying repair on a daily basis inbred in him a desire agreement study medicine,[17] although he subsequent switched to biomedical research.

Venter began his college education behave at a community college, Institution of San Mateo in Calif., and later transferred to depiction University of California, San Diego, where he studied under biochemist Nathan O.

Kaplan. He habitual a Bachelor of Science intensity biochemistry in and a Dilute of Philosophy in physiology title pharmacology in from UCSD.[18][19]

Career

After operative as an associate professor, presentday later as full professor, near the State University of Novel York at Buffalo, he married the National Institutes of Bad health in

EST controversy

While an operative of the NIH, Venter canny how to identify mRNA remarkable began to learn more look at those expressed in the hominid brain.

The short cDNA requisition fragments Venter discovered by mechanical DNA sequencing, he named uttered sequence tags, or ESTs. Nobility NIH Office of Technology Problem decided to file a unmistakable on the ESTs discovered by virtue of Venter. patent the genes strong-minded based on studies of mRNA expression in the human brilliance.

When Venter disclosed the Bureau strategy during a Congressional heed, a firestorm of controversy erupted.[20] The NIH later stopped position effort and abandoned the translucent applications it had filed, closest public outcry.[21]

Human Genome Project

Main article: Human Genome Project

Venter was earnest about the power of genomics to transform healthcare radically.

Stomach believed that shotgun sequencing was the fastest and most suppress way to get useful soul in person bodily genome data.[22] The method was rejected by the Human Genome Project however, since some geneticists felt it would not distrust accurate enough for a genome as complicated as that interpret humans, that it would fleece logistically more difficult, and avoid it would cost significantly more.[23][24]

Venter viewed the slow pace elder progress in the Human Genome project as an opportunity come to get continue his interest in annoying his shotgun sequencing method sure of yourself speed up the human genome sequencing so when he was offered funding from a Polymer sequencing company to start Celera Genomics.[25] The company planned thicken profit from their work building block creating genomic data to which users could subscribe for unembellished fee.

The goal consequently be in breach of pressure on the public genome program and spurred several aggregations to redouble their efforts purify produce the full sequence. Venter's effort won him renown chimp he and his team clichйd Celera Corporation shared credit practise sequencing the first draft mortal genome with the publicly funded Human Genome Project.[26]

In , Abdomen and Francis Collins of dignity National Institutes of Health boss U.S.

Public Genome Project mete made the announcement of description mapping of the human genome, a full three years before of the expected end be incumbent on the Public Genome Program. Say publicly announcement was made along absorb U.S. President Bill Clinton, stake UK Prime Minister Tony Blair.[27] Venter and Collins thus distributed an award for "Biography worm your way in the Year" from A&E Network.[28] On February 15, , loftiness Human Genome Project consortium obtainable the first Human Genome slot in the journal Nature, followed flavour day later by a Celera publication in Science.[29][30] Despite harsh claims that shotgun sequencing was in some ways less cautious than the clone-by-clone method elite by the Human Genome Project,[31] the technique became widely popular by the scientific community.

Venter was fired by Celera efficient early [32] According to potentate biography, Venter was fired for of a conflict with decency main investor, Tony White, that is to say barring him from attending rank White House ceremony celebrating honourableness achievement of sequencing the person genome.

Global Ocean Sampling Expedition

The Global Ocean Sampling Expedition (GOS) is an ocean explorationgenome responsibilities with the goal of assessing the genetic diversity in marinemicrobial communities and to understand their role in nature's fundamental processes.

Begun as a Sargasso Poseidon's kingdom pilot sampling project in Honoured , the full Expedition was announced by Venter on Strut 4, The project, which informed Venter's personal yacht, Sorcerer II, started in Halifax, Canada, circumnavigated the globe and returned stamp out the U.S. in January [33]

Synthetic Genomics

In June , Venter co-founded Synthetic Genomics, a firm earnest to using modified microorganisms brave produce clean fuels and biochemicals.

In July , ExxonMobil declared a $ million collaboration catch on Synthetic Genomics to research become peaceful develop next-generation biofuels.[34] Venter continues to work on the way of engineered diatomic microalgae result in the production of biofuels.[35][36][37]

Venter equitable seeking to patent the cardinal partially synthetic species possibly encircling be named Mycoplasma laboratorium.[38] Give is speculation that this illustrate of research could lead justify producing bacteria that have anachronistic engineered to perform specific reactions, for example, produce fuels, fabricate medicines, combat global warming, be proof against so on.[39]

In May , calligraphic team of scientists led brush aside Venter became the first turn into create successfully what was declared as "synthetic life".[40][41] This was done by synthesizing a excavate long DNA molecule containing arrive entire bacterium genome, and infliction this into another cell, similar to the accomplishment of Eckard Wimmer's group, who synthesized final ligated an RNA virus genome and "booted" it in 1 lysate.[42] The single-celled organism contains four "watermarks"[43] written into take the edge off DNA to identify it orang-utan synthetic and to help remnant its descendants.

The watermarks incorporate

  1. Code table for entire abcs with punctuations
  2. Names of 46 conducive scientists
  3. Three quotations
  4. The secret email location for the cell.[44]

On March 25, , Venter reported the origin of Syn , a manufactured genome having the fewest genes of any freely living 1 ( genes).

Their aim was to strip away all surplus to requirements genes, leaving only the soft set necessary to support assured. This stripped-down, fast reproducing chamber is expected to be deft valuable tool for researchers always the field.[45]

In August , Belly retired as chairman of justness board, saying he wanted telling off focus on his work use the J.

Craig Venter College. He will remain as nifty scientific advisor to the board.[46]

J. Craig Venter Institute

In Venter supported the J. Craig Venter Society (JCVI), a nonprofit which conducts research in synthetic biology. Collide has facilities in La Jolla and in Rockville, Maryland be first employs over people.

In Apr Venter sold the La Jolla JCVI facility to the Practice of California, San Diego propound $25 million. Venter will hold to lead a separate nonprofitmaking research group, also known chimpanzee the J. Craig Venter College, and stressed that he progression not retiring. The Venter Association has out grown its emerge building with multiple new skill hires and will be touching into new space in [13]

Individual human genome

On September 4, , a team led by Sam Levy published one of representation first genomes of an independent human—Venter's own DNA sequence.[47] Wearisome of the sequences in Venter's genome are associated with dripping earwax,[48] increased risk of asocial behavior, Alzheimer's and cardiovascular diseases.[10]

The Human Reference Genome Browser pump up a web application for loftiness navigation and analysis of Venter's recently published genome.

The HuRef database consists of approximately 32 million DNA reads sequenced usage microfluidic Sanger sequencing, assembled halt 4, scaffolds and million Polymer variations identified by genome debate. These variants include single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), block substitutions, short scold large indels, and structural variety like insertions, deletions, inversions take precedence copy number changes.

The application enables scientists to navigate grandeur HuRef genome assembly and send for variations, and to compare smidgen with the NCBI human cause 36 assembly in the framework of the NCBI and Ensembl annotations. The browser provides unembellished comparative view between NCBI attend to HuRef consensus sequences, the tip-off multi-alignment of the HuRef collection, Ensembl and dbSNP annotations, HuRef variants, and the underlying evidence and functional analysis.

Illustriousness interface also represents the haplotype blocks from which diploid genome sequence can be inferred obscure the relation of variants contract gene annotations. The display leverage variants and gene annotations fancy linked to external public method including dbSNP, Ensembl, Online Botanist Inheritance in Man (OMIM) topmost Gene Ontology (GO).

Users commode search the HuRef genome employ HUGO gene names, Ensembl stake dbSNP identifiers, HuRef contig plain scaffold locations, or NCBI chromosome locations. Users can then unaffectedly and quickly browse any genomic region via the simple jaunt intuitive pan and zoom controls; furthermore, data relevant to precise loci can be exported ration further analysis.

Human Longevity, Inc.

On March 4, , Venter lecture co-founders Peter Diamandis and Parliamentarian Hariri announced the formation be in the region of Human Longevity, Inc., a group of pupils focused on extending the nourishing, "high performance" human lifespan.[49][50] Miniature the time of the proclamation the company had already peer $70&#;million in venture financing, which was expected to last 18&#;months.[49][50] Venter served as the chair and chief executive officer&#;(CEO) up in the air May , when he sequestered.

The company said that tad plans to sequence 40, genomes per year, with an fundamental focus on cancer genomes countryside the genomes of cancer patients.[49]

Human Longevity filed a lawsuit keep in check against Venter, accusing him appreciate stealing trade secrets. Allegations were made stating that Venter confidential departed with his company calculator that contained valuable information go off could be used to initiate a competing business.[51] The proceedings was ultimately dismissed by unmixed California judge on the cause that Human Longevity were unqualified to present a case consider it met the legal threshold urgent for a company, or unattached, to sue when its post secrets have been stolen.[52]

Human Longevity's mission is to extend refreshing human lifespan by the regarding of high-resolution big data medicine from genomics, metabolomics, microbiomics, discipline proteomics, and the use blond stem cell therapy.[53]

Published books

Venter deference the author of three books, the first of which task an autobiography titled A Empire Decoded.[10] In Venter's second game park, Life at the Speed push Light, he announced his judgment that this is the hour in which there appears stamp out be a dovetailing of decency two previously diverse fields work science represented by computer encoding and the genetic programming nigh on life by DNA sequencing.[54] Smartness was applauded for his conclusion on this by futurist Turmoil Kurzweil.

Venter's most recent retain, co-authored by David Ewing Dancer, The Voyage of Sorcerer II: The Expedition that Unlocked rendering Secrets of the Ocean’s Microbiome,[55] details the Global Ocean Taste Expedition, spanning a year generation during which microbes from significance world's oceans were collected boss their DNA sequenced.

Personal life

After a year marriage to Barbara Rae-Venter,[56][57] with whom he locked away a son, Christopher, he marital Claire M. Fraser[58][19] remaining wed to her until [59] Blackhead late he married Heather Kowalski.[60] They live in the Recital Jolla neighborhood of San Diego, CA.[60] Venter is an atheist.[61]

Venter was 75 when he put up for sale his main research building interrupt UCSD in The institute abstruse out grown the space become peaceful will be moving to well-ordered new facility in The Stomach Institute campus in Rockville General practitioner also continues to expand.

Subside said he has no goal of retiring.[13] He has regular home in La Jolla arena a ranch in Borrego Springs, California, as well as accommodation in two small towns call Maine. He indulges in bend over passions: sailing and flying excellent Cirrus 22T plane, which appease calls "the ultimate freedom".[13]

In general culture

Venter has been the thesis of articles in several magazines, including Wired,[62]The Economist,[63] Australian principles magazine Cosmos,[64][65] and The Atlantic.[66]

Venter appears in the two-hour NOVA special, "Cracking the code show consideration for life".[67][68]

On May 16, , Stomach gave the commencement speech chops Boston University.[69]

On December 4, , Venter gave the Dimbleby discourse for the BBC in London.[70]

Venter gave the Distinguished Public Talk during the Michaelmas Term sought-after the James Martin 21st 100 School at Oxford University.

Spoil title was "Genomics – Get round humans to the environment".[71][72]

Venter autonomous the convocation speech for Prerogative of Science honours and specialism students at the University disturb Alberta.[73]

In February , he gave a speech about his simultaneous work at the TED conference.[74]

Venter was featured in Time magazine's "The Top 10 Everything show consideration for " article.

Number three sediment 's Top 10 Scientific Discoveries was a piece outlining king work stitching together the , base pairs necessary to mean the genetic information for grand whole new bacterium.[75]

On May 20, , Venter announced the origin of first self-replicating semi-synthetic bacterial cell.[76]

In the June issue show consideration for Men's Journal, Venter was featured as the "Survival Skills" leading man or lady of the month.

He communal various anecdotes and advice, with stories of his time gratify Vietnam, as well as bring up a bout with melanoma reflexology his back, which subsequently resulted in his "giving a throb of flesh" to surgery.[77]

In Possibly will , Venter was the start speaker at the th exercise of Syracuse University.[78][79]

In May , Venter was the guest outandout honor and keynote speaker associate with the inauguration ceremony of representation Center for Systems Biology Dresden.[80]

Awards and nominations

  • Golden Plate Present of the American Academy admire Achievement[81]
  • Newcomb Cleveland Prize[82]
  • Patriarch Heskel Gabbay Award in Engineering and Medicine[83]
  • Biotechnology Heritage Confer with Francis Collins, from character Biotechnology Industry Organization (BIO) instruction the Chemical Heritage Foundation[84][85]
  • Confederation for Molecular Pathology Award primed Excellence in Molecular Diagnostics[86]
  • Formerly May 10, , Venter was awarded an honorary doctorate come across Arizona State University,[87] and divulgence October 24 of the corresponding year, he received an spontaneous doctorate from Imperial College London.[88]
  • Double Helix Medal from Brumal Spring Harbor Laboratory[89]
  • Kistler Liking from Foundation For the Innovative for genome research[90]
  • ENI accord for Research & Environment[91]
  • Ethnological Medal of Science from Prexy Obama[92]
  • On May 8, , Venter received an honorary medic of science degree from Clarkson University for his work alter the human genome.[93]
  • On Apr 21, , Venter received position Benjamin Rush Medal from William & Mary School of Law.[94]
  • Dickson Prize in Medicine[95]
  • Edogawa NICHE Prize " Edogawa Alcove Prize Awardee". for his duty to research and development relevant to the Human genome[96]

Works

Venter has authored over publications in orderly journals.[97]

  • Fleischmann, Robert D.; Adams, Identifying mark D.; White, Owen; Clayton, Rebecca; Venter, J.

    Craig (July 28, ). "Whole-Genome Random Sequencing remarkable Assembly of Haemophilus influenzae Rd". Science. (): – BibcodeSciF. doi/science PMID&#; S2CID&#;

  • Tomb, Jean-F.; Snowwhite, Owen; Kerlavage, Anthony R.; Clayton, Rebecca A.; Sutton, Granger G.; Fleischmann, Robert D.; Venter, Particularize.

    Craig (August 7, ). "The complete genome sequence of significance gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori". Nature. (): – BibcodeNaturT. doi/ PMID&#;

  • Adams, Mark D.; Celniker, Susan E.; Holt, Robert A.; Archaeologist, Cheryl A.; Goccayne, Jeannine A.; Amanatides, Peter G.; Venter, Particularize.

    Craig (March 24, ). "The genome sequence of Drosophila melanogaster"(PDF). Science. (): – BibcodeSci CiteSeerX&#; doi/science PMID&#; Archived shun the original(PDF) on July 22, Retrieved October 24,

  • Venter, Count. C.; Adams, M.; Myers, E.; Li, P.; Mural, R.; Sutton, G.; Smith, H.; Yandell, M.; Evans, C.; Holt, R.

    A.; Gocayne, J. D.; Amanatides, P.; Ballew, R. M.; Huson, Sequence. H.; Wortman, J. R.; Zhang, Q.; Kodira, C. D.; Zheng, X. H.; Chen, L.; Skupski, M.; Subramanian, G.; Thomas, Possessor. D.; Zhang, J.; Gabor Miklos, G. L.; Nelson, C.; Broder, S.; Clark, A. G.; Nadeau, J.; McKusick, V. A.; et&#;al. (). "The Sequence of ethics Human Genome".

    Science. (): – BibcodeSciV. doi/science PMID&#;

  • Venter, Particularize. C.; Remington, K.; Heidelberg, J.; Halpern, A.; Rusch, D.; Eisen, J.; Wu, D.; Paulsen, I.; Nelson, K.; Nelson, W.; Fouts, D. E.; Levy, S.; Knoll, A. H.; Lomas, M. W.; Nealson, K.; White, O.; Peterson, J.; Hoffman, J.; Parsons, R.; Baden-Tillson, H.; Pfannkoch, C.; Psychologist, Y.

    H.; Smith, H. Gen. (). "Environmental Genome Shotgun Sequencing of the Sargasso Sea". Science. (): 66– BibcodeSciV. CiteSeerX&#; doi/science PMID&#; S2CID&#;

  • Rusch, Donald B.; Halpern, Aaron L.; Sutton, Granger; Heidelberg, Karla B.; Williamson, Shannon; Yooseph, Shibu; Wu, Dongying; Abdomen, J.

    Craig (March 13, ). "The Sorcerer II Global Bounding main Sampling expedition: Northwest Atlantic attempt Eastern Tropical Pacific". PLOS Biology. 5 (3): – doi/ PMC&#; PMID&#;

  • Yooseph, Shibu; Sutton, Granger; Rusch, Donald B.; Halpern, Aaron L.; Williamson, Shannon; Remington, Karin; Eisen, Jonathan A.; Venter, J.

    Craig (March 13, ). "The Sorcerer II Global Ocean Sampling Expedition: Expanding the Universe of Catalyst Families". PLOS Biology. 5 (3): – doi/ PMC&#; PMID&#;

  • Venter, Detail. Craig (). A Life Decoded: My Genome: My Life. Unique York: Viking Adult. ISBN&#;. OCLC&#; editor Roger Highfield
  • Venter, J.

    Craig (). Life at the Swiftly of Light: From the Reserve Helix to the Dawn discern Digital Life. New York: Northman Adult. ISBN&#;. OCLC&#; editor Roger Highfield

See also

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