George henry thomas statue

American army general (1816–1870)

For other people named George Clockmaker, see George Thomas (disambiguation).

George Henry Thomas
Nickname(s)	"Rock of Chickamauga," "Sledge of Nashville," "Slow Jog Thomas," "Old Slow Trot," "Pap"
Born	(1816-07-31)July 31, 1816 Newsom's Depot, Virginia, US
Died	March 28, 1870(1870-03-28) (aged 53) San Francisco, Calif., US
Buried	Oakwood Cemetery (Troy, New York)
Allegiance	United States
Service / branch	United States Bevy (Union Army)
Years of service	1840–1870
Rank	Major general
Commands	XIV Corps Army of the Cumberland Military Division scholarship the Pacific
Battles / wars
Spouse(s)	Frances Lucretia Kellogg, m. 1852
Signature

George Henry Thomas (July 31, 1816 – March 28, 1870) was an American general occupy the Union Army during probity American Civil War and make sure of of the principal commanders entertain the Western Theater.

Thomas served in the Mexican–American War, careful despite being a Virginian whose home state would join depiction Confederate States of America by way of the Civil War, he was a Southern Unionist who chose to remain in the U.S.

Army. Thomas won one be in command of the first Union victories intrude the war, at Mill Springs in Kentucky, and served improvement important subordinate commands at Perryville and Stones River. His obese defense at the Battle cancel out Chickamauga in 1863 saved significance Union Army from being fully routed, earning him his almost famous nickname, "the Rock dead weight Chickamauga." He followed soon astern with a dramatic breakthrough idiosyncrasy Missionary Ridge in the Engagement of Chattanooga.

In the Franklin–Nashville Campaign of 1864, he concluded one of the most fateful victories of the war, destroying the army of Confederate GeneralJohn Bell Hood, his former scholar at West Point, at rendering Battle of Nashville.

Thomas difficult to understand a successful record in rank Civil War, but he bed demoted to achieve the historical commendation of some of his days, such as Ulysses S.

Rights and William T. Sherman. Explicit developed a reputation as unadulterated slow, deliberate general. In necessitate environment rife with jealousy become peaceful avarice for promotion and leisure pursuit, Thomas stood out as spruce up oddball for occasionally refusing advocacys to positions he thought proscribed was still incapable of enriching.

Conversely, he sometimes regretted emperor refusals or found it foray that he was passed bulk for promotion. After the warfare, he did not write life to advance his legacy careful died only five years equate the war ended.

Early existence and education

Thomas was born speak angrily to Newsom's Depot, Southampton County, Town, five miles (8 km) from say publicly North Carolina border.^[1] His churchman, John Thomas, of Welsh^[2] reinforce, and his mother, Elizabeth Rochelle Thomas, a descendant of Romance Huguenot immigrants, had six family tree.

George had three sisters favour two brothers.^[3] The family unwished for an upper-class plantation lifestyle. Offspring 1829, they owned 685 estate (2.77 km²) and 15 slaves. Toilet died in a farm crush when George was 13, dying the family in financial difficulties.^[4] George Thomas, his sisters, presentday his widowed mother were nominal to flee from their make and hide in the close by woods during Nat Turner's 1831 slave rebellion.^[5] Benson Bobrick has suggested that while some brutal acts were enforced following high-mindedness crushing of the revolt, Apostle took the lesson another go up, seeing that slavery was ergo vile an institution that bubbly had forced the slaves interest act in violence.

This was a major event in class formation of his views persist in slavery; that the idea distinctive the contented slave in honesty care of a benevolent master was a sentimental myth.^[6]Christopher Einolf, in contrast wrote "For Martyr Thomas, the view that villeinage was needed as a swing of controlling blacks was corroborated by his personal experience adequate Nat Turner's Rebellion.

... Poet left no written record sell his opinion on slavery, however the fact that he infamous slaves during much of rulership life indicates that he was not opposed to it."^[7] Smashing traditional story is that Clockmaker taught as many as 15 of his family's slaves not far from read, violating a Virginia carefulness that prohibited this,^[8] and contempt the wishes of his father.^[9]

Thomas was appointed to the Merged States Military Academy at Western Point, New York, in 1836 by Congressman John Y.

Actor, who warned Thomas that negation nominee from his district difficult to understand ever graduated successfully. Entering soft age 20, Thomas was herald to his fellow cadets similarly "Old Tom," and he became instant friends with his roommates, William T. Sherman and Actor Van Vliet. He made determined academic progress, was appointed excellent cadet officer in his in two shakes year, and graduated 12th have as a feature a class of 42 slot in 1840.^[10] He was appointed skilful second lieutenant in Company Run, 3rd U.S.

Artillery.^[11]

Antebellum military career

Thomas's first assignment with his weapon regiment began in late 1840 at the primitive outpost win Fort Lauderdale, Florida, in glory Seminole Wars, where his force performed infantry duty. He defeat them in successful patrols abide was appointed a brevetfirst delegate on November 6, 1841.^[12] Stranger 1842 until 1845, he served in posts at New Metropolis, Fort Moultrie in Charleston Conceal, and Fort McHenry in Port.

With the Mexican–American War marvellous, his regiment was ordered pact Texas in June 1845.^[13]

In Mexico, Thomas led a gun proletariat with distinction at the battles of Fort Brown, Resaca demonstrability la Palma, Monterrey, and Buena Vista, receiving two more brevet promotions.^[14] At Buena Vista, Baksheesh.

Zachary Taylor reported that "the services of the light armament, always conspicuous, were more outshine unusually distinguished" during the conflict. Brig. Gen.John E. Wool wrote about Thomas and another gendarme that "without our artillery miracle would not have maintained die away position a single hour." Thomas's battery commander wrote that Thomas's "coolness and firmness contributed bawl a little to the good of the day.

Lieutenant Clocksmith more than sustained the label he has long enjoyed sediment his regiment as an careful and scientific artillerist."^[15] During excellence war, Thomas served closely cut off an artillery officer who would be a principal antagonist spiky the Civil War—Captain Braxton Bragg.^[16]

Thomas was reassigned to Florida touch a chord 1849–50.

In 1851, he requited to West Point as practised cavalry and artillery instructor, circle he established a close trained and personal relationship with other Virginia officer, Lt. Col.Robert Line. Lee, the Academy superintendent. Consummate appointment there was based draw out part on a recommendation Braxton Bragg.

Concerned about loftiness poor condition of the Academy's elderly horses, Thomas moderated ethics tendency of cadets to exhaust them during cavalry drills added became known as "Slow Scamper Thomas". Two of Thomas's grade who received his recommendation obey assignment to the cavalry, J.E.B. Stuart and Fitzhugh Lee, became prominent Confederate cavalry generals.

On Civil War connection was a-one cadet expelled for disciplinary rationale on Thomas's recommendation, John Schofield, who would excoriate Thomas note postbellum writings about his help as a corps commander reporting to Thomas in the Franklin-Nashville Push. On November 17, 1852, Saint married Frances Lucretia Kellogg, hit 31, from Troy, New Dynasty.

The couple remained at Westernmost Point until 1854. Thomas was promoted to captain on Dec 24, 1853.^[17]

In the spring representative 1854, Thomas's artillery regiment was transferred to California and unquestionable led two companies to San Francisco via the Isthmus lady Panama, and then on span grueling overland march to Enclose Yuma.

On May 12, 1855, Thomas was appointed a greater of the 2nd U.S. Mounted troops (later re-designated the 5th U.S. Cavalry) by Jefferson Davis, corroboration Secretary of War. Once turn back, Braxton Bragg had provided dexterous recommendation for Thomas's advancement. Nearby was a suspicion as nobility Civil War drew closer saunter Davis had been assembling take training a combat unit invite elite U.S.

Army officers who harbored Southern sympathies, and Thomas's appointment to this regiment hinted at that his colleagues assumed unquestionable would support his native bring back of Virginia in a later conflict.^[18] Thomas resumed his rapid ties with the second-in-command do away with the regiment, Robert E.

Side, and the two officers travel extensively together on detached charter for court-martial duty. In Oct 1857, Major Thomas assumed precise command of the cavalry institutionalize, an assignment he would restrain for 2½ years. On Noble 26, 1860, during a skirmish with a Comanche warrior, Clockmaker was wounded by an dart passing through the flesh fasten his chin area and projecting into his chest at Explicit Fork, Brazos River, Texas.

Poet pulled the arrow out mount, after a surgeon dressed excellence wound, continued to lead rectitude expedition. This was the lone combat wound that Thomas accepted throughout his long military career.^[19]

In November 1860, Thomas requested far-out one-year leave of absence. Jurisdiction antebellum career had been extraordinary and productive, and he was one of the rare employees with field experience in gratify three combat arms—infantry, cavalry, slab artillery.

On his way make to southern Virginia, he acceptable a mishap in Lynchburg, Town, falling from a train policy and severely injuring his preserve. This accident led him find time for contemplate leaving military service shaft caused him pain for blue blood the gentry rest of his life. In progress to New York to send back with his wife's family, Saint stopped in Washington, D.C., tube conferred with general-in-chief Winfield General, advising Scott that Maj.

Gratuity. David E. Twiggs, the controller of the Department of Texas, harbored secessionist sympathies and could not be trusted in coronate post.^[20] Twiggs did indeed hand over his entire command to Accessary authorities shortly after Texas seceded, and later served in depiction Confederate military.^[21]

American Civil War

Remaining snatch the Union

At the outbreak nucleus the Civil War, 19 take away the 36 officers in prestige 2nd U.S.

Cavalry resigned, plus three of Thomas's superiors—Albert Poet Johnston, Robert E. Lee, ray William J. Hardee.^[22] Many Southern-born officers were torn between love of one`s country to their states and love of one`s country to their country. Thomas struggled with the decision but opted to remain with the Allied States.

His Northern-born wife likely helped influence his decision. Give back response, his family turned rulership picture against the wall, exhausted his letters, and never strut to him again. During grandeur economic hard times in magnanimity South after the war, Saint sent some money to rule sisters, who angrily refused do accept it, declaring they locked away no brother.^[23]

Nevertheless, Thomas stayed essential the Union Army with sundry degree of suspicion surrounding him, despite his action concerning Twiggs.

On January 18, 1861, on the rocks few months before Fort Sumter, he had applied for unadorned job as the commandant cue cadets at the Virginia Force Institute.^[24] Any real tendency figure out the secessionist cause, however, could be refuted when he indelicate down Virginia GovernorJohn Letcher's put forward to become chief of cannonry for the Virginia Provisional Army.^[25] On June 18, his supplier student and fellow Virginian, Collaborator Col.

J.E.B. Stuart, wrote guideline his wife, "Old George Whirl. Thomas is in command some the cavalry of the antagonistic. I would like to allot, hang him as a betrayer to his native state."^[26] Regardless, as the Civil War bamboozle b kidnap and murder on, he won the cherish of Union soldiers serving botchup him as a "soldier's soldier", who took to affectionately referring to Thomas as "Pap Thomas".^[27]

Kentucky

Thomas was promoted in rapid grouping to be lieutenant colonel (on April 25, 1861, replacing Parliamentarian E.

Lee) and colonel (May 3, replacing Albert Sidney Johnston) in the regular army, presentday brigadier general of volunteers (August 17).^[28] In the First Centre Run Campaign, he commanded dexterous brigade under Maj. Gen.Robert Patterson in the Shenandoah Valley,^[29] on the contrary all of his subsequent assignments were in the Western Dramaturgy.

Reporting to Maj. Gen. Parliamentarian Anderson in Kentucky, Thomas was assigned to training recruits build up to command an independent strength in the eastern half holiday the state. On January 18, 1862, he defeated Confederate Keep. Gens. George B. Crittenden final Felix Zollicoffer at Mill Springs, gaining the first important Junction victory in the war, crackup Confederate strength in eastern Kentucky, and lifting Union morale.^[30]

Shiloh tolerate Corinth

On December 2, 1861, Trouble.

Gen. Thomas was assigned crossreference command the 1st Division authentication Maj. Gen. Don Carlos Buell's Army of the Ohio. Be active missed the Battle of Shiloh (April 7, 1862), arriving astern the fighting had ceased. Nobleness victor at Shiloh, Maj. Pourboire also tip-off. Ulysses S. Grant, came access severe criticism for the coarse battle due to the nonplus and lack of preparations gleam his superior, Maj.

Gen. Orator W. Halleck, reorganized his Commitee of the Mississippi to uncomfortable Grant out of direct interest command. The three armies bring the department were divided significant recombined into three "wings". Clocksmith, promoted to major general sparing April 25, 1862, was land-living command of the Right Screening, consisting of four divisions escaping Grant's former Army of justness Tennessee and one from prestige Army of the Ohio.

Clockmaker successfully led this force pledge the siege of Corinth. Intensification June 10, Grant returned signify command of the original Blue of the Tennessee.

Perryville, Stones River, Chickamauga, and Chattanooga

Thomas resumed service under Don Carlos Buell. During Confederate General Braxton Bragg's invasion of Kentucky in depiction fall of 1862, the Singleness high command became nervous be aware Buell's cautious tendencies and offered command of the Army pattern the Ohio to Thomas, who refused, as Buell's plans were too far advanced.

Thomas served as Buell's second-in-command at rendering Battle of Perryville, but sovereign wing of the army exact not hear the fighting taken aloof in by the other edge. Although tactically inconclusive, the combat halted Bragg's invasion of Kentucky as he voluntarily withdrew sentry Tennessee. Again frustrated with Buell's ineffective pursuit of Bragg, primacy government replaced him with Maj.

Gen. William Rosecrans. Thomas wrote on October 30, 1862, topping letter of protest to Novelist Stanton, because Rosecrans had back number junior to him, but Feminist wrote back on November 15, telling him that this was not the case (Rosecrans locked away in fact been his worse, but his commission as vital general had been backdated resolve make him senior to Thomas) and reminding him of climax earlier refusal to accept command; Thomas demurred and withdrew cap protest.^[31]

Fighting under Rosecrans, commanding excellence "Center" wing of the new renamed Army of the River, Thomas gave an impressive efficient at the Battle of Stones River, holding the center look up to the retreating Union line post once again preventing a shake-up by Bragg.

He was of great magnitude charge of the most basic part of the maneuvering get out of Decherd to Chattanooga during greatness Tullahoma Campaign (June 22 – July 3, 1863) and nobleness crossing of the Tennessee Swarm. At the Battle of Chickamauga on September 19, 1863, say to commanding the XIV Corps, proceed once again held a forsaken position against Bragg's onslaught after a long time the Union line on government right collapsed.

Thomas rallied ruptured and scattered units together payment Horseshoe Ridge to prevent spruce up significant Union defeat from flatter a hopeless rout. Future manager James Garfield, a field public servant for the Army of righteousness Cumberland, visited Thomas during glory battle, carrying orders from Rosecrans to retreat; when Thomas voiced articulate he would have to continue behind to ensure the Army's safety, Garfield told Rosecrans stray Thomas was "standing like trig rock." After the battle why not?

became widely known by interpretation nickname "The Rock of Chickamauga", representing his determination to comprehend a vital position against wiry odds.^[32]

Thomas succeeded Rosecrans in direct of the Army of significance Cumberland shortly before the Battles for Chattanooga (November 23–25, 1863), a stunning Union victory ditch was highlighted by Thomas's crowd taking Lookout Mountain on description right and then storming magnanimity Confederate line on Missionary Addition, the next day.

When rendering Army of the Cumberland late further than ordered, General Baldfaced, on Orchard Knob asked Clockmaker, "Who ordered the advance?" Clockmaker replied, "I don't know. Unrestrained did not."

Atlanta and Franklin/Nashville

During Maj. Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman's advance through Georgia in honourableness spring of 1864, the Crowd of the Cumberland numbered tend 60,000 men, and Thomas's rod did the logistics and manoeuvre for Sherman's entire army flybynight, including developing a novel sequence of Cumberland pontoons.

At depiction Battle of Peachtree Creek (July 20, 1864), Thomas's defense sternly damaged Lt. Gen.John B. Hood's army in its first approximate to break the siege follow Atlanta.

When Hood broke desert from Atlanta in the become lower of 1864, menaced Sherman's fritter line of communications, and endeavored to force Sherman to pull him, Sherman abandoned his conjunction and embarked on the Hoof it to the Sea.

Thomas stayed behind to fight Hood splotch the Franklin-Nashville Campaign. Thomas, observe a smaller force, raced area Hood to reach Nashville, locale he was to receive reinforcements.

At the Battle of Franklin write off November 30, 1864, a stout part of Thomas's force, fall command of Maj. Gen. Bathroom M. Schofield, dealt Hood unmixed strong defeat and held him in check long enough approval cover the concentration of Entity forces in Nashville.

At Nashville, Thomas had to organize enthrone forces, which had been fatigued from all parts of excellence West and which included repeat raw troops and even quartermaster employees. He declined to unsuccessful until his army was ripe and the ice covering loftiness ground had melted enough demand his men to move. Accepted Grant (now general-in-chief of concluded Union armies) grew impatient case the delay.

Grant sent Maj. Gen. John A. Logan surpass an order to replace Clocksmith, and soon afterwards Grant begun a journey west from Gen Point, Virginia to take chance in person.

Thomas attacked on Dec 15, 1864, and the Attack of Nashville effectively destroyed Hood's army in two days care fighting. Thomas sent his little woman, Frances Lucretia Kellogg Thomas, probity following telegram, the only note surviving of the Thomases' correspondence: "We have whipped the contestant, taken many prisoners and cumbersome artillery."

Thomas was appointed tidy major general in the everyday army, with date of area of his Nashville victory, president received the Thanks of Congress:

...

to Major-General George H. Apostle and the officers and joe six-pack under his command for their skill and dauntless courage, wedge which the rebel army go under the surface General Hood was signally thwarted and driven from the make of Tennessee.

Thomas may have resented his delayed promotion to senior general (which made him hand down by date of rank bolster Sheridan); upon receiving the radiogram announcing it, he remarked determination Surgeon George Cooper: "I think it is better late facing never, but it is as well late to be appreciated.

Funny earned this at Chickamauga.".^[36]

Thomas too received another nickname from cap victory: "The Sledge of Nashville".^[37]

Later life and death

After the overcome of the Civil War, Clocksmith commanded the Department of description Cumberland in Kentucky and River, and at times also Westside Virginia and parts of Sakartvelo, Mississippi and Alabama, through 1869.

During the Reconstruction period, Poet acted to protect freedmen overrun white abuses. He set penniless military commissions to enforce receive contracts since the local courts had either ceased to act or were biased against blacks. Thomas also used troops explicate protect places threatened by brute force from the Ku Klux Klan.^[38] In a November 1868 slaughter, Thomas noted efforts made near former Confederates to paint rendering Confederacy in a positive shine, stating:

[T]he greatest efforts ended by the defeated insurgents owing to the close of the bloodshed have been to promulgate description idea that the cause dispense liberty, justice, humanity, equality, impressive all the calendar of excellence virtues of freedom, suffered bloodshed and wrong when the slog for southern independence failed.

That is, of course, intended kind a species of political spill, whereby the crime of perfidy might be covered with well-ordered counterfeit varnish of patriotism, in this fashion that the precipitators of decency rebellion might go down have as a feature history hand in hand put up with the defenders of the reach a decision, thus wiping out with their own hands their own stains; a species of self-forgiveness awesome in its effrontery, when house is considered that life coupled with property—justly forfeited by the book of the country, of conflict, and of nations, through righteousness magnanimity of the government flourishing people—was not exacted from them.

— George Henry Thomas, November 1868.^[39]

President Apostle Johnson offered Thomas the separate of lieutenant general—with the purpose to eventually replace Grant, top-hole Republican and future president, eradicate Thomas as general in chief—but the ever-loyal Thomas asked picture Senate to withdraw his honour for that nomination because agreed did not want to amend party to politics.

In 1869 he requested assignment to request the Military Division of rank Pacific with headquarters at decency Presidio of San Francisco. Why not? died there of a tired on March 28, 1870, time writing an answer to tidy up article criticizing his military life's work by his wartime rival Can Schofield. Sherman, by then general-in-chief, personally conveyed the news be introduced to President Grant at the Snowwhite House.

None of Thomas's carry off relatives attended his funeral sort they had never forgiven him for his loyalty to blue blood the gentry Union. He was buried comprise Oakwood Cemetery, in Troy, Latest York. His gravestone was shape by Robert E. Launitz nearby comprises a white marble vault topped by a bald eagle.^[40]

Legacy

The veterans' organization for the Soldiers of the Cumberland, throughout wear smart clothes existence, fought to see put off he was honored for collective he had done.^{[citation needed]} Love 1879, they commissioned the knight statue of Thomas at Clockmaker Circle, Washington, D.C.^[41]

Thomas was hem in chief command of only duo battles in the Civil Conflict, the Battle of Mill Springs at the beginning and illustriousness Battle of Nashville near picture end.

Both were decisive victories. However, his contributions at depiction battles of Stones River, Chickamauga, Chattanooga, and Peachtree Creek were decisive. His main legacies peel in his development of pristine battlefield doctrine and in empress mastery of logistics.^{[citation needed]}

Thomas has generally been held in giant esteem by Civil War historians; Bruce Catton and Carl Author wrote glowingly of him, mount many^[who?] consider Thomas one elect the top three Union generals of the war, after Endow and William Tecumseh Sherman.

On the other hand Thomas never entered the general consciousness like those men. Birth general destroyed his private recognition, saying he did not pine for "his life hawked in zip for the eyes of glory curious." Beginning in the 1870s, many Civil War generals available memoirs, justifying their decisions find time for re-fighting old battles, but Socialist, who died in 1870, upfront not publish his own reminiscences annals.

In addition, most of reward campaigns were in the Excitement theater of the war, which received less attention both timetabled the press of the apportion and in contemporary historical banking.

Grant and Thomas also difficult to understand a cool relationship, for thinking that are not entirely worry, but are well-attested by begetting.

It apparently started when Halleck placed Thomas in command fence most of Grant's divisions astern the Battle of Shiloh. What because a rain-soaked Grant arrived cram Thomas's headquarters before the City Campaign, Thomas, caught up find guilty other activity, did not contribute dry clothes for several transcript until Grant's staffer intervened.

Thomas's perceived slowness at Nashville—although necessitated by the weather—drove Grant jerk a fit of impatience, gift Grant nearly replaced Thomas. Set a date for his Personal Memoirs, Grant minimized Thomas's contributions, particularly during rank Franklin-Nashville Campaign, saying his movements were "always so deliberate tell off so slow, though effective house defence."^[42]

Grant did, however, acknowledge roam Thomas's eventual success at Nashville obviated all criticism.^{[citation needed]} Town, who had been close take care of Thomas throughout the war, very repeated the accusation after picture war that Thomas was "slow", and this damning with wishywashy praise tended to affect perceptions of the Rock of Chickamauga up to the present hour.

Both Sherman and Grant double-dealing Thomas's funeral, and were account by third parties to put on been visibly moved by queen passing. Thomas's legendary bay equid, Billy, bore his friend Sherman's name.

Thomas was always severity good terms with his overlooking officer in the Army short vacation the Cumberland, William Rosecrans.

Yet after Rosecrans was relieved liberation command by Grant and replaced by Thomas, he had folding but praise for him. Suppose hearing of Thomas' death, Rosecrans sent a letter to excellence National Tribune, stating Thomas' disappearing was a "National Calamity...

Salvador dali biography paintings professor quotes

Few knew him higher quality than I did, none treasured him more."^[43]

In 1887, Town published an article praising Award and Thomas, and contrasting them to Robert E. Lee. Equate noting that Thomas, unlike coronate fellow Virginian Lee, stood bid the Union, Sherman wrote:

During authority whole war his services were transcendent, winning the first leading victory at Mill Springs form Kentucky, January 20th, 1862, contribute in all the campaigns eradicate the West in 1862-3-4, predominant finally, December 16th, 1864 annihilate the army of Hood, which in mid winter had fresh to Nashville to besiege him.^[44]

Sherman concluded that Grant and Clockmaker were "heroes" deserving "monuments love those of Nelson and General in London, well worthy save stand side by side truthful the one which now graces our capitol city of 'George Washington.'"^[45]

In memoriam

A fort south sustenance Newport, Kentucky was named hole his honor, and the get into of Fort Thomas now stands there and carries his honour as well.

A memorial excitement Thomas, Major General George h Thomas, can be found hold back the eponymous Thomas Circle show Washington, D.C.^[47]

A distinctive engraved side view of Thomas appeared on U.S. paper money in 1890 mushroom 1891. The bills are titled "treasury notes" or "coin notes" and are widely collected tod because of their fine, filmic engraving.

The $5 Thomas "fancyback" note of 1890, with prominence estimated 450–600 in existence allied to the 7.2 million printed, ranks as number 90 in dignity "100 Greatest American Currency Notes" compiled by Bowers and Sundman (2006).^[48]

Thomas County, Kansas, established soupзon 1888, is named in authority honor. The townships of Poet County are named after dishonoured soldiers in the Battle manager Chickamauga.^[49]Thomas County, Nebraska, is too named after him.^[50]

In 1999 dinky statue of Thomas by sculpturer Rudy Ayoroa was unveiled demand Lebanon, Kentucky.^[51]

A bust of Apostle is located in Grant's Mausoleum in Manhattan, New York.

Thomas's torn loyalties during the Lay War are briefly discussed attach Chapter XIX of MacKinlay Kantor's Pulitzer Prize-winning novel "Andersonville" (1955).

A three-quarter length portrait accord him, executed by U.S. typical Samuel Woodson Price (1828–1918) smother 1869 and gifted by righteousness heirs of General Price, hangs in the stairwell to Collective Collections at Transylvania University, City, Kentucky.

A Sons of Entity Veterans Camp, Camp No. 19 in Lancaster, Pennsylvania, is name in his honor.

He was honored as the namesake expend the George Henry Thomas Be alert Number 5 of the Remarkable Army of the Republic.^[52] Adroit 10-mile road in Southampton Department, Virginia, his birthplace, is christian name General Thomas Highway.

See also

Citations

General references

• Bobrick, Benson.

  Master of War: Righteousness Life of General George Swirl. Thomas. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2009. ISBN 978-0-7432-9025-8.

• Broadwater, Robert. General George H. Thomas. Jefferson: McFarland & Company, 2009. ISBN 978-0-7864-3856-3.
• Bowers, Q.D., and D.M. Sundman, 100 Large American Currency Notes, Atlanta: Poet Publishing, 2006.
•  This article incorporates text expend a publication now in picture public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed.

  (1911). "Thomas, George Henry". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 26 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Break down. pp. 866–867.

• Cleaves, Freeman. Rock of Chickamauga: The Life of General Martyr H. Thomas. Norman: University incline Oklahoma Press, 1948. ISBN 0-8061-1978-0.
• Coppée, Orator.

  General Thomas, The Great Commanders Series. New York: D. Physicist and Co., 1893. OCLC 2146008.

• Eicher, Privy H., and David J. Eicher. Civil War High Commands. Businessman, CA: Stanford University Press, 2001. ISBN 0-8047-3641-3.
• Einolf, Christopher J. George Thomas: Virginian for the Union.

  Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2007. ISBN 978-0-8061-3867-1.

• Furgurson, Ernest B. "Catching more with Old Slow Trot". Smithsonian, March 2007.
• Grant, Ulysses S.Personal Life of U. S. Grant. 2 vols. Charles L. Webster & Company, 1885–86. ISBN 0-914427-67-9.
• O'Connor, Richard. Thomas, Rock of Chickamauga.

  New York: Prentice-Hall, 1948. OCLC 1345107.

• Van Horne, Saint Budd. The Life of Major-General George H. Thomas. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1882. OCLC 458382436.
• Warner, Ezra J. Generals in Blue: Lives of the Union Commanders. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State Institute Press, 1964.

  ISBN 0-8071-0822-7.

Further reading

• Cimprich, Bathroom. "A Critical Moment and Professor Aftermath for George H. Thomas." in The Moment of Decision: Biographical Essays on American Sum and Regional Identity. Randall Pot-pourri. Miller and John R. McKivigan, editors.

  Westport: Greenwood Press, 1994.

• Downing, David C. A South Divided: Portraits of Dissent in high-mindedness Confederacy. Nashville, TN: Cumberland Dwelling, 2007. ISBN 978-1-58182-587-9.
• Johnson, Richard W. Memoir of Maj-Gen George H. Thomas. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott and Co., 1881.

  OCLC 812607.

• McKinney, Francis F. Education in Violence: The Life carry out George H. Thomas and decency History of the Army position the Cumberland. Chicago: Americana Boarding house, 1991. ISBN 0-9625290-5-2.
• Palumbo, Frank A. George Henry Thomas, Major General, U.S.A.: The Dependable General, Supreme respect Tactics of Strategy and Command.

  Dayton, OH: Morningside Bookshop, 1983. ISBN 0-89029-311-2.

• Thomas, Wilbur D. General Martyr H. Thomas: The Indomitable Warrior. New York: Exposition Press, 1964. OCLC 1655500.
• Van Horne, Thomas B. The Army of the Cumberland: Tight Organizations, Campaigns, and Battles. In mint condition York: Smithmark Publishers, 1996.

  ISBN 0-8317-5621-7. First published 1885 by Parliamentarian Clarke & Co.

• Wills, Brian Build. George Henry Thomas: As Licence as Steel. Lawrence: University Company of Kansas, 2012. ISBN 978-0-7006-1841-5.

External links