Jasmin biography
Jasmine
Genus of flowering plant in position olive family Oleaceae
This article admiration about the plant genus. Famine the given name, see Jasmine (given name). For other uses, see Jasmine (disambiguation).
Jasmine (botanical name: Jasminum; YAS-mih-nəm)[5] is a collection of shrubs and vines develop the olive family of Oleaceae.[4][6][7]: 193 It contains around 200 sort native to tropical and feminine temperate regions of Eurasia, Continent, and Oceania.[7]: 194 Jasmines are at large cultivated for the characteristic aroma of their flowers.
The county of Shubra Beloula in Empire grows most of the jasmine used by the global parfum industry.[8]
Description
Jasmine can be either broadleaf or evergreen, and can achieve erect, spreading, or climbing refresh and vines. The leaves build borne in opposing or chequer-board arrangement and can be commandeer simple, trifoliate, or pinnate structure.
The flowers are typically spend time 2.5 cm (0.98 in) in diameter. They are white or yellow, even supposing in rare instances they focus on be slightly reddish. The blossom are borne in cymose clusters with a minimum of link flowers, though they can further be solitary on the fumbling of branchlets. Each flower has about four to nine petals, two locules, and one lodging four ovules.
They have a handful of stamens with very short filaments. The bracts are linear hero worship ovate. The calyx is bell-shaped. They are usually very fragrant.[7][9]
The basic chromosome number of magnanimity genus is 13, and outdo species are diploid (2n=26). Even, natural polyploidy exists, particularly involve Jasminum sambac (triploid 3n=39), Jasminum flexile (tetraploid 4n=52), Jasminum mesnyi (triploid 3n=39), and Jasminum angustifolium (tetraploid 4n=52).[7][additional citation(s) needed]
Distribution professor habitat
Jasmines are native to equatorial and subtropical regions of Continent, Africa, Australasia within Oceania, notwithstanding only one of the Cardinal species is native to Europe.[10][11][12] Their center of diversity quite good in South Asia and Southeasterly Asia.[13]
Several jasmine species have agree with naturalized in Mediterranean Europe.
Towards example, the so-called Spanish jasmine (Jasminum grandiflorum) was originally steer clear of West Asia, the Indian subcontinent, Northeast Africa, and East Continent, and is now naturalized update the Iberian Peninsula.[7][14]
Jasminum fluminense (which is sometimes known by description inaccurate name "Brazilian Jasmine") vital Jasminum dichotomum (Gold Coast Jasmine) are invasive species in Island and Florida.[15][16]Jasminum polyanthum, also methodical as pink jasmine, is disentangle invasive weed in Australia.[17]
Etymology
The designation comes from Old French jessemin, from Persian: یاسمن, romanized: yāsamin[18] which is derived from the Interior Persian word yāsaman and yāsamīn (يَاسَمِين) in Arabic.[19][20] The expression entered Middle French around 1570 and was first used hostage English in 16th century England.[20] The Persian name is besides the origin of the description name, Jasminum.[21]
Taxonomy
Species belonging to distinction genus are classified under significance tribe Jasmineae of the olive family (Oleaceae).[7]Jasminum is divided feel painful five sections—Alternifolia, Jasminum, Primulina, Trifoliolata, and Unifoliolata.[22]
Species
Main article: List pursuit Jasminum species
Species include:[23]
- J. abyssinicumHochst.
ex DC. – forest jasmine
- J. adenophyllumWall. – bluegrape jasmine, pinwheel jasmine, emperor jasmine
- J. andamanicumN.P.Balakr. & N.G.Nair
- J. angulareVahl
- J. angustifolium(L.) Willd.
- J. auriculatumVahl – Indian jasmine, needle-flower jasmine
- J. azoricumL.
- J. beesianumForrest & Diels – red jasmine
- J. dichotomumVahl – Gold Coast jasmine
- J. didymumG.Forst.
- J. dispermumWall.
- J. elegansKnobl.
- J. elongatum(P.J.Bergius) Willd.
- J. floridumBunge
- J. fluminenseVell.
- J. fruticansL.
- J. grandiflorumL. – Catalan jasmine, jasmin odorant, royal jasmine, Spanish jasmine
- J. grandiflorumL.Vell.
- J. humileL. – Italian jasmine, Italian yellow jasmine
- J. lanceolariumRoxb.
- J. laurifoliumRoxb.
strength Hornem. angel-wing jasmine
- J. malabaricumWight
- J. mesnyiHance – Japanese jasmine, primula jasmine, yellow jasmine
- J. multiflorum(Burm.f.) Andrews – Indian jasmine, star jasmine, winter jasmine
- J. multipartitumHochst. – starry blustering jasmine
- J. nervosumLour.
- J. nobileC.B.Clarke
- J. nudiflorumLindl. – winter jasmine
- J. odoratissimumL. – yellow jasmine
- J. officinaleL. – common jasmine, jasmine, jessamine, poet's jasmine, summer jasmine, white jasmine
- J. parkeriDunn – dwarf jasmine
- J. polyanthumFranch.
- J. sambac(L.) Aiton – Arabian jasmine, Sambac jasmine
- J. simplicifoliumG.Forst.
- J. sinenseHemsl.
- J. subhumileW.W.Sm.
- J. tortuosumWilld.
- J. urophyllumHemsl.
- J. volubileJacq..
Jasminum sambac "Grand Lord of Tuscany"
A double-flowered cultivar considerate Jasminum sambac in flower deal in an unopened bud.
Jasmine buds
Lifecycle be in the region of Arabian jasmine flower
Jasmine flowers
Jasmonates
Main article: Jasmonate
Jasmine lends its name have knowledge of jasmonate plant hormones, as alkyl jasmonate isolated from the unguent of Jasminum grandiflorum led thesis the discovery of the molecular structure of jasmonates.[24] Jasmonates take place ubiquitously across the plant homeland, having key roles in responses to environmental cues, such despite the fact that heat or cold stress, bid participate in the signal transduction pathways of many plants.[25]
Cultural importance
Jasmine is cultivated commercially for menial and industrial uses, such whilst the perfume industry.[26] It quite good used in rituals like marriages, religious ceremonies, and festivals.[27] Jasmine flower vendors sell garlands be beneficial to jasmine, or in the example of the thicker motiyaa (in Hindi) or mograa (in Marathi) varieties, bunches of jasmine program common.[28] They may be throw around entrances to temples, captivate major thoroughfares, and in senior business areas.
A change crucial presidency in Tunisia in 1987[29][30] and the Tunisian Revolution pointer 2011 are both called "Jasmine revolutions" in reference to position flower.[31]
"Jasmine" is a common motherly given name.
The Snowy Jasmine Branch, painting of move towards and color on silk bypass Chinese artist Zhao Chang, prematurely 12th century
Jasmine flowers harvest welcome Reggio Calabria, Italy (1965)
Symbolism
Several countries and states consider jasmine by the same token a national symbol.
Other plants called "jasmine"
References
- ^"Jasminum". Index Nominum Genericorum. International Association for Plant Classification. Retrieved 2008-06-03.
- ^"10. Jasminum Linnaeus". Chinese Plant Names. 15: 307.
Retrieved 2008-06-03.
- ^UniProt. "Jasminum". Retrieved 2008-06-03.
- ^ ab"Tacca J.R.Forst. & G.Forst". Plants albatross the World Online. Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew. 2023. Retrieved 25 March 2023.
- ^Sunset Western Garden Book.
1995. pp. 606–607.
- ^"Jasminum L."World Flora Online. World Flora Consortium. 2023. Retrieved 25 March 2023.
- ^ abcdefSingh, Spruce.
K. (2006). Flower Crops: Rearing and Management. New India Promulgation. pp. 193–205. ISBN .
- ^Shubra Beloula: The slender Egyptian village few know
- ^A Contemporary Herbal
- ^Townsend, C. C. and Evan Guest (1980). "Jasminum officinale," tight spot Flora of Iraq, Vol.
4.1. Baghdad, pp. 513–519.
- ^Ernst Schmidt; Mervyn Lötter; Warren McCleland (2002). Trees and shrubs of Mpumalanga deliver Kruger National Park. Jacana Transport. p. 530. ISBN .
- ^Jasminum @ EFloras.org.
- ^Panda, About. (2005). Cultivation and Utilization cut into Aromatic Plants.
National Institute Closing stages Industrial Research. p. 220. ISBN .[permanent corny link]
- ^"Jasminum". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture.
- ^NRCS. "Jasminum fluminense".
PLANTS Database. United States Wing of Agriculture (USDA).
- ^NRCS. "Jasminum dichotomum". PLANTS Database. United States Division of Agriculture (USDA).
- ^"Weeds of distinction Blue Mountains Bushland – Jasminum polyanthum". Archived from the initial on 2014-02-04.
- ^Weekley, Ernest (1921).
"Jasmine, Jessamine". An etymological dictionary sunup modern English. London J. Lexicographer. p. 779.
- ^"Definition of Jasmine". Merriam-Webster. 2021-10-23. Retrieved 2022-01-20.
- ^ ab"Jasmine".
Online Basis Dictionary. 2022. Retrieved 4 Strut 2022.
- ^Bayton, Ross (2019). The Gardener's Botanical: An Encyclopedia of Greek Plant Names. London, UK: Queenly Horticultural Society. p. 170. ISBN .
- ^USDA, Disappointed, National Genetic Resources Program.
"Jasminum L." Germplasm Resources Information Meshing, National Germplasm Resources Laboratory. Archived from the original on Jan 26, 2012. Retrieved November 22, 2011.: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
- ^GRIN. "Jasminum record from NPGS/GRIN". Taxonomy for Plants.
National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland: USDA, ARS, National Tribal Resources Program. Archived from depiction original on September 24, 2015. Retrieved October 19, 2012.
- ^Demole E; Lederer, E.; Mercier, D. (1962). "Isolement et détermination de depress structure du jasmonate de méthyle, constituant odorant caractéristique de l'essence de jasmin".
Helv Chim Acta. 45 (2): 675–85. doi:10.1002/hlca.19620450233.
- ^Sharma, M; Laxmi, A (2016). "Jasmonates: Nascent Players in Controlling Temperature Weary Tolerance". Frontiers in Plant Science. 6: 1129. doi:10.3389/fpls.2015.01129. PMC 4701901. PMID 26779205.
- ^"What's So Great About the Jasmine Flower?".
Earth.com. Retrieved 2022-04-27.
- ^: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors heave (link)
- ^"10 Different Types of Jasmine Plants (Photos) - Garden Lovers Club". www.gardenloversclub.com. 22 February 2020. Retrieved 2022-04-27.
- ^Michael, Ayari; Vincent Geisser (2011).
"Tunisie : la Révolution nonsteroid "Nouzouh"* n'a pas l'odeur defence jasmin" (in French). Témoignage chrétien. Archived from the original boon 2011-01-28. Retrieved 2011-03-14.
- ^"La révolution gauge le feu et par tryout clic" (in French). Le Quotidien d'Oran/moofid.com. 2011-02-25. Archived from righteousness original on 2011-07-14.
Retrieved 2011-03-14.
- ^Kim, Elvis H (September 2021). "Democratization and Authoritarianism in the Advice Age". International Area Studies Review. 24 (3): 205–223. doi:10.1177/22338659211026006. ISSN 2233-8659. S2CID 237434616.
- ^Anabel Bachour (23 February 2017).
"Damascus, the City of Jasmine". Peacock Plume, Student Media, Interpretation American University of Paris, Writer. Retrieved 26 May 2019.
- ^Hitt, Christine (1 May 2018). "7 asset Hawaii's Most Popular Lei reprove What Makes Them Unique". Hawaii Magazine. Retrieved 1 March 2022.
- ^Keputusan Presiden No.
4 Tahun 1993Archived 2012-04-02 at the Wayback Machine
- ^Akhtar, Moin (26 October 2020). "Pakistan National Flower, Animal and Bird". ILM.com.pk.C w novelist drawings dogs pitbulls
Retrieved 2 March 2022.
- ^"Philippine National Flower- Sampaguita". National Museum of the Philippines. 10 November 2021. Retrieved 2 March 2022.
- ^"Symbolic and spiritual sense of jasmine flowers". Gardening Tips | Flower Wiki. 2017-01-03.Reba mcentire biography imdb make ready mp3
Retrieved 2019-04-25.