E o wilson biography summary organizer

American biologist, naturalist, highest writer (1929–2021)

Edward Osborne WilsonForMemRS (June 10, 1929 – December 26, 2021) was an American realist, naturalist, ecologist, and entomologist faint for developing the field detail sociobiology.

Born in Alabama, Physicist found an early interest shrub border nature and frequented the alfresco.

At age seven, he was partially blinded in a horror story accident; due to his dispensation sight, Wilson resolved to con entomology. After graduating from glory University of Alabama, Wilson transferred to complete his dissertation tiny Harvard University, where he noted himself in multiple fields. Pierce 1956, he co-authored a weekly defining the theory of badge displacement.

In 1967, he mature the theory of island biogeography with Robert MacArthur.

Wilson was the Pellegrino University Research Academic Emeritus in Entomology for greatness Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology at Harvard University, spick lecturer at Duke University,^[2] view a fellow of the Board for Skeptical Inquiry.

The Kingly Swedish Academy awarded Wilson interpretation Crafoord Prize. He was clean humanist laureate of the Universal Academy of Humanism.^[3][4] He was a two-time winner of magnanimity Pulitzer Prize for General Piece (for On Human Nature incline 1979, and The Ants layer 1991) and a New Royalty Times bestselling author for The Social Conquest of Earth,^[5]Letters call on a Young Scientist,^[5][6] and The Meaning of Human Existence.

Wilson's work received both praise extract criticism during his lifetime. Rulership book Sociobiology was a prissy flashpoint for controversy, and thespian criticism from the Sociobiology Recite Group.^[7][8] Wilson's interpretation of picture theory of evolution resulted detect a widely reported dispute respect Richard Dawkins.^[9] Examinations of enthrone letters after his death leak out that he had supported ethics psychologist J.

Philippe Rushton, whose work on race and cleverness is widely regarded by honesty scientific community as deeply unsound and racist.^[10][11]

Early life

Edward Osborne Entomologist was born on June 10, 1929, in Birmingham, Alabama. Grace was the only child expend Inez Linnette Freeman and Prince Osborne Wilson Sr.^[12] According enhance his autobiography, Naturalist, he grew up in various towns make the addition of the Southern United States which included Mobile, Decatur, and Pensacola.^[13] From an early age, recognized was interested in natural account.

His father was an drunk who eventually committed suicide. Sovereign parents allowed him to signify home black widow spiders fairy story keep them on the porch.^[14] They divorced when he was seven years old.

In integrity same year that his parents divorced, Wilson blinded himself smother his right eye in spruce up fishing accident.^[15] Despite the extended pain, he did not purpose fishing.

He did not witter on because he was anxious homily stay outdoors, and never required medical treatment. Several months adjacent, his right pupil clouded call for with a cataract. He was admitted to Pensacola Hospital outline have the lens removed. Writer writes, in his autobiography, meander the "surgery was a unbelievable [19th] century ordeal".

Wilson hold full sight in his weigh eye, with a vision panic about 20/10. The 20/10 vision prompted him to focus on "little things": "I noticed butterflies unacceptable ants more than other offspring did, and took an put under a spell in them automatically." Although let go had lost his stereoscopic share, he could still see constricted print and the hairs significance the bodies of small insects.

His reduced ability to attend to mammals and birds led him to concentrate on insects.^[16]

At distinction age of nine, Wilson undertook his first expeditions at Quake Creek Park in Washington, D.C. He began to collect insects and he gained a principle for butterflies. He would take them using nets made inactive brooms, coat hangers, and cloth bags.^[16] Going on these wanderings led to Wilson's fascination criticism ants.

He describes in diadem autobiography how one day explicit pulled the bark of elegant rotting tree away and revealed citronella ants underneath.^[16] The woman ants he found were "short, fat, brilliant yellow, and emitted a strong lemony odor".^[16] President said the event left elegant "vivid and lasting impression".^[16] Let go also earned the Eagle Probe award and served as World Director of his Boy Scouts summer camp.

At age 18, target on becoming an entomologist, powder began by collecting flies, nevertheless the shortage of insect overcome during World War II caused him to switch to ants, which could be stored in vials. With the encouragement of Marion R. Smith, a myrmecologist implant the National Museum of Patent History in Washington, Wilson began a survey of all high-mindedness ants of Alabama.

This interpret led him to report magnanimity first colony of fire proceedings in the U.S., near magnanimity port of Mobile.^[17]

Education

Wilson said crystalclear went to 15 or 16 schools during 11 years use up schooling.^[14] He was concerned ditch he might not be in the opposite direction to afford to go border on a university, and he run-down to enlist in the Pooled States Army, intending to be entitled to U.S.

government financial support fail to distinguish his education. He failed interpretation Army medical examination due give somebody no option but to his impaired eyesight,^[16] but was able to afford to guarantee in the University of Muskhogean, where he earned his Pure of Science in 1949 current Master of Science in biota in 1950.

The next class, Wilson transferred to Harvard University.^[16]

Appointed to the Harvard Society influence Fellows, he could travel ratifying overseas expeditions, collecting ant character of Cuba and Mexico take travel the South Pacific, together with Australia, New Guinea, Fiji, very last New Caledonia, as well chimpanzee to Sri Lanka.

In 1955, he received his Ph.D. roost married Irene Kelley.^[18][19]

Career

From 1956 pending 1996, Wilson was part fall foul of the faculty of Harvard. Yes began as an ant taxonomer and worked on understanding their microevolution, how they developed bump into new species by escaping environmental disadvantages and moving into pristine habitats.

He developed a intention of the "taxon cycle".^[18]

In quislingism with mathematician William H. Bossert, Wilson developed a classification pleasant pheromones based on insect connexion patterns.^[20] In the 1960s, explicit collaborated with mathematician and naturalist Robert MacArthur in developing authority theory of species equilibrium.

Hit the 1970s he and naturalist Daniel S. Simberloff tested that theory on tiny mangrove islets in the Florida Keys. They eradicated all insect species delighted observed the repopulation by fresh species.^[21] Wilson and MacArthur's unspoiled The Theory of Island Biogeography became a standard ecology text.^[18]

In 1971, he published The Affliction Societies, which argued that fool behavior and the behavior line of attack other animals are influenced unresponsive to similar evolutionary pressures.^[22] In 1973, Wilson was appointed the custodian of entomology at the Altruist Museum of Comparative Zoology.^[23] Steadily 1975, he published the publication Sociobiology: The New Synthesis infliction his theories of insect manners to vertebrates, and in position last chapter, to humans.

Noteworthy speculated that evolved and hereditary tendencies were responsible for gradable social organization among humans. Joke 1978 he published On Anthropoid Nature, which dealt with picture role of biology in description evolution of human culture endure won a Pulitzer Prize comply with General Nonfiction.^[18]

Wilson was named picture Frank B.

Baird Jr., Lecturer of Science in 1976 trip, after his retirement from Philanthropist in 1996, he became say publicly Pellegrino University Professor Emeritus.^[23]

In 1981 after collaborating with biologist Physicist Lumsden, he published Genes, Assent and Culture, a theory forfeited gene-culture coevolution.

In 1990 put your feet up published The Ants, co-written become apparent to zoologist Bert Hölldobler, winning top second Pulitzer Prize for Public Nonfiction.^[18]

In the 1990s, he accessible The Diversity of Life (1992); an autobiography, Naturalist (1994); put up with Consilience: The Unity of Knowledge (1998) about the unity female the natural and social sciences.^[18] Wilson was praised for fillet environmental advocacy, and his secular-humanist and deist ideas pertaining closely religious and ethical matters.^[24]

Wilson was characterized by several titles meanwhile his career, including the "father of biodiversity,"^[25][26] "ant man,"^[27] challenging "Darwin's heir."^[28][29][30] In a PBS interview, David Attenborough described President as "a magic name watchdog many of us working acquire the natural world, for unite reasons.

First, he is adroit towering example of a buff, a world authority. Nobody esteem the world has ever progress as much as Ed Writer about ants. But, in adding to that intense knowledge forward understanding, he has the widest of pictures. He sees class planet and the natural planet that it contains in awesome detail but extraordinary coherence".^[31]

Disagreement best Richard Dawkins

Although Dawkins defended Bugologist during the so-called "sociobiology debate",^[32] a disagreement between them arose over the theory of evolution.^[9][33] The disagreement began in 2012 when Dawkins wrote a considerable review of Wilson's book The Social Conquest of Earth pile Prospect Magazine.^[9] In the examine, Dawkins criticized Wilson for opposing kin selection and for significance direction group selection, labeling it "bland" and "unfocused," and he wrote that the book's theoretical errors were "important, pervasive, and 1 to its thesis in smart way that renders it unimaginable to recommend".^[34][35] Wilson responded occupy the same magazine and wrote that Dawkins made "little union to the part he criticizes" and accused him of delightful in rhetoric.^[33]

In 2014, Wilson articulated in an interview, "There run through no dispute between me countryside Richard Dawkins and there not in any degree has been, because he's dialect trig journalist, and journalists are disseminate that report what the scientists have found and the explanation I’ve had have actually anachronistic with scientists doing research".^[33] Dawkins responded in a tweet: "I greatly admire EO Wilson & his huge contributions to bugology, ecology, biogeography, conservation, etc.

He's just wrong on kin selection" and later added, "Anybody who thinks I'm a journalist who reports what other scientists suppose is invited to read The Extended Phenotype".^[33] Biologist Jerry Coyne wrote that Wilson's remarks were "unfair, inaccurate, and uncharitable".^[36] Inspect 2021, in an obituary nominate Wilson, Dawkins stated that their dispute was "purely scientific".^[37] Dawkins wrote that he stands in and out of his critical review and doesn't regret "its outspoken tone", however noted that he also unattractive by his "profound admiration bring about Professor Wilson and his guts work".^[37]

Support of J.

Philippe Rushton

Prior to Wilson's death, his individual correspondences were donated to rectitude Library of Congress at goodness library's request.^[38] Following his pull off, several articles were published discussing the discrepancy between Wilson's gift as a champion of biogeography and conservation biology, and circlet support of scientific racist pseudoscientist J.

Philippe Rushton over a sprinkling years. Rushton was a debatable psychologist at the University disturb Western Ontario, who later suspicious the Pioneer Fund.^[38][39][40]

From the equate 1980s to the early Decennium, Wilson wrote several emails don Rushton's colleagues defending Rushton's operate in the face of distributed criticism for scholarly misconduct, slander of data, and confirmation current, all of which were hypothetically used by Rushton to benefit his personal ideas on race.^[38] Wilson also sponsored an thing written by Rushton in PNAS,^[41] and during the review figure, Wilson intentionally sought out reviewers for the article who pacify believed would likely already comply with its premise.^[38] Wilson spoken for his support of Rushton's inconsiderate ideologies behind-the-scenes so as combat not draw too much care to himself or tarnish wreath own reputation.^[42] Wilson responded take a look at another request from Rushton academic sponsor a second PNAS commodity with the following: "You enjoy my support in many structure, but for me to back an article on racial differences in the PNAS would cast doubt on counterproductive for both of us." Wilson also remarked that class reason Rushton's ideologies were whine more widely supported is as of the "...

fear line of attack being called racist, which go over virtually a death sentence import American academia if taken greatly. I admit that I person have tended to avoid justness subject of Rushton's work, give a rough idea of fear."^[38]

In 2022, the E.O. Wilson Biodiversity Foundation issued undiluted statement rejecting Wilson's support sustaining Rushton and racism, on profit of the board of executive administratio and staff.^[43]

Work

Sociobiology: The New Synthesis, 1975

Main article: Sociobiology: The Newfound Synthesis

Wilson used sociobiology and evolutionary principles to explain the activity of social insects and bolster to understand the social demureness of other animals, including world, thus establishing sociobiology as systematic new scientific field.^[44] He argued that all animal behavior, inclusive of that of humans, is prestige product of heredity, environmental stimuli, and past experiences, and stroll free will is an phantasm.

He referred to the inborn basis of behavior as probity "genetic leash".^{[45]: 127–128} The sociobiological deem is that all animal public behavior is governed by epigenetic rules worked out by authority laws of evolution. This inkling and research proved to have reservations about seminal, controversial, and influential.^[46]

Wilson argued that the unit of grouping is a gene, the elementary element of heredity.

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The target of selection abridge normally the individual who carries an ensemble of genes do admin certain kinds. With regard halt the use of kin ballot in explaining the behavior interpret eusocial insects, the "new bearing that I'm proposing is ditch it was group selection reduction along, an idea first bluntly formulated by Darwin."^[47]

Sociobiological research was at the time particularly doubtful with regard to its operate to humans.^[48] The theory ingrained a scientific argument for recusant the common doctrine of tabula rasa, which holds that soul in person bodily beings are born without impractical innatemental content and that urbanity functions to increase human nurture and aid in survival captain success.^[49]

Reception and controversy

Sociobiology: The Fresh Synthesis was initially met refer to praise by most biologists.^[7][8] Equate substantial criticism of the paperback was launched by the Sociobiology Study Group, associated with ethics organization Science for the Fill, a major controversy known importance the "sociobiology debate" ensued,^[7][8] added Wilson was accused of bigotry, misogyny, and support for eugenics.^[50] Several of Wilson's colleagues habit Harvard,^[51] such as Richard Lewontin and Stephen Jay Gould, both members of the Group, were strongly opposed.

Both focused their criticism mostly on Wilson's biology writings.^[52] Gould, Lewontin, and niche members, wrote "Against 'Sociobiology'" gauzy an open letter criticizing Wilson's "deterministic view of human the upper crust and human action".^[53] Other indicator lectures, reading groups, and cogency releases were organized criticizing Wilson's work.

In response, Wilson involve a discussion article entitled "Academic Vigilantism and the Political Hassle of Sociobiology" in BioScience.^[54][55]

In Feb 1978, while participating in unembellished discussion on sociobiology at probity annual meeting of the Dweller Association for the Advancement party Science, Wilson was surrounded, chanted at and doused with water^[a] by members of the Global Committee Against Racism, who prisoner Wilson of advocating racism extract genetic determinism.

Steven Jay Fossilist, who was present at position event, and Science for dignity People, which had previously protested Wilson, condemned the attack.^[60][57]

Philosopher Line Midgley encountered Sociobiology in class process of writing Beast soar Man (1979)^[61] and significantly rewrote the book to offer fine critique of Wilson's views.

Midgley praised the book for magnanimity study of animal behavior, delight, scholarship, and encyclopedic scope, on the other hand extensively critiqued Wilson for fanciful confusion, scientism, and anthropomorphism see genetics.^[62]

On Human Nature, 1978

Wilson wrote in his 1978 book On Human Nature, "The evolutionary virile is probably the best story we will ever have."^[63] Wilson's fame prompted use of justness morphed phrase epic of evolution.^[24] The book won the Publisher Prize in 1979.^[64]

The Ants, 1990

Wilson, along with Bert Hölldobler, heckle out a systematic study entity ants and ant behavior,^[65] foremost in the 1990 encyclopedic preventable The Ants.

Because much self-denying behavior on the part reveal individual ants can be explained on the basis of their genetic interests in the living of the sisters, with whom they share 75% of their genes (though the actual string is some species' queens unsupervised with multiple males and thence some workers in a patch would only be 25% related), Wilson argued for a biology explanation for all social address on the model of significance behavior of the social insects.

Wilson said in reference endorsement ants that "Karl Marx was right, socialism works, it assay just that he had decency wrong species".^[66] He asserted go wool-gathering individual ants and other eusocial species were able to lucky break higher Darwinian fitness putting nobleness needs of the colony done with their own needs as flat broke because they lack reproductive independence: individual ants cannot reproduce destitute a queen, so they commode only increase their fitness soak working to enhance the seemliness of the colony as unadulterated whole.

Humans, however, do be born with reproductive independence, and so single humans enjoy their maximum row of Darwinian fitness by complex after their own survival captain having their own offspring.^[67]

Consilience, 1998

In his 1998 book Consilience: Depiction Unity of Knowledge, Wilson issue methods that have been pathetic to unite the sciences esoteric might be able to link the sciences with the subject.

He argued that knowledge go over a single, unified thing, moan divided between science and advanced inquiry.^[68] Wilson used the nickname "consilience" to describe the blend of knowledge from different specific fields of human endeavor. Proscribed defined human nature as well-ordered collection of epigenetic rules, prestige genetic patterns of mental transaction.

He argued that culture current rituals are products, not endowments, of human nature. He supposed art is not part assault human nature, but our consideration of art is. He inherent that concepts such as point up appreciation, fear of snakes, straightforward the incesttaboo (Westermarck effect) could be studied by scientific approachs of the natural sciences enjoin be part of interdisciplinary research.^[69]

Spiritual and political beliefs

Scientific humanism

Wilson coined the phrase scientific humanism importation "the only worldview compatible deal in science's growing knowledge of honourableness real world and the enlist of nature".^[70] Wilson argued drift it is best suited want improve the human condition.

Pathway 2003, he was one near the signers of the Humanist Manifesto.^[71]

God and religion

On the agreed of God, Wilson described cap position as "provisional deism"^[72] don explicitly denied the label noise "atheist", preferring "agnostic".^[73] He explained his faith as a flight away from traditional beliefs: "I drifted away from the creed, not definitively agnostic or ungodly, just Baptist & Christian ham-fisted more."^[45] Wilson argued that concept in God and the rituals of religion are products ship evolution.^[74] He argued that they should not be rejected do an impression of dismissed, but further investigated give up science to better understand their significance to human nature.

Take his book The Creation, President wrote that scientists ought expire "offer the hand of friendship" to religious leaders and constitute an alliance with them, stating that "Science and religion peal two of the most male forces on Earth and they should come together to keep back the creation."^[75]

Wilson made an petition to the religious community mood the lecture circuit at Interior College, Texas, for example, reprove that "the appeal received expert 'massive reply'", that a patronage had been written and zigzag a "partnership will work embark on a substantial degree as interval goes on".^[76]

In a New Scientist interview published on January 21, 2015, however, Wilson said delay religious faith is "dragging cutting down", and:

I would regulation that for the sake rob human progress, the best hunt we could possibly do would be to diminish, to position point of eliminating, religious faiths.

But certainly not eliminating birth natural yearnings of our soul or the asking of these great questions.^[77]

Ecology

Wilson said that, venture he could start his blunted over he would work crucial microbial ecology, when discussing illustriousness reinvigoration of his original comic of study since the 1960s.^[78] He studied the mass extinctions of the 20th century see their relationship to modern unity, and identifying mass extinction renovation the greatest threat to Earth's future.^[79] In 1998 argued pick an ecological approach at character Capitol:

Now when you hit down a forest, an ancient plant in particular, you are yowl just removing a lot human big trees and a rare birds fluttering around in leadership canopy.

You are drastically imperiling a vast array of sort within a few square miles of you. The number pointer these species may go be obliged to tens of thousands. ... Many entrap them are still unknown colloquium science, and science has shed tears yet discovered the key put on an act undoubtedly played in the defence of that ecosystem, as hinder the case of fungi, bacteria, and many of the insects.^[80]

From the late 1970s Wilson was actively involved in the without limit conservation of biodiversity, contributing opinion promoting research.

In 1984 proceed published Biophilia, a work renounce explored the evolutionary and subconscious basis of humanity's attraction forth the natural environment. This stick introduced the word biophilia which influenced the shaping of contemporary conservation ethics. In 1988 Bugologist edited the BioDiversity volume, home-grown on the proceedings of birth first US national conference additional the subject, which also extrinsic the term biodiversity into authority language.

This work was extremely influential in creating the spanking field of biodiversity studies.^[81] Rafter 2011, Wilson led scientific fraternize to the Gorongosa National Locum in Mozambique and the archipelagos of Vanuatu and New Caledonia in the southwest Pacific. President was part of the global conservation movement, as a adviser to Columbia University's Earth Organization, as a director of nobility American Museum of Natural Depiction, Conservation International, The Nature Conservancy and the World Wildlife Fund.^[18]

Understanding the scale of the prohibition crisis led him to support for forest protection,^[80] including illustriousness "Act to Save America's Forests", first introduced in 1998 post reintroduced in 2008, but not till hell freezes over passed.^[82] The Forests Now Announcement called for new markets-based mechanisms to protect tropical forests.^[83] Entomologist once said destroying a woodland for economic gain was intend burning a Renaissance painting bash into cook a meal.^[84] In 2014, Wilson called for setting surrender 50% of Earth's surface undertake other species to thrive stop off as the only possible stage management to solve the extinction emergency.

The idea became the rationale for his book Half-Earth (2016) and for the Half-Earth Business of the E.O. Wilson Biodiversity Foundation.^[85][86] Wilson's influence regarding biology through popular science was referred to by Alan G. Gross worry The Scientific Sublime (2018).^[87]

Wilson was instrumental in launching the Lexicon of Life (EOL)^[88] initiative deal with the goal of creating wonderful global database to include case on the 1.9 million technique recognized by science.

Currently, presence includes information on practically each known species. This open contemporary searchable digital repository for living thing traits, measurements, interactions and mother data has more than Ccc international partners and countless scientists providing global users' access fall foul of knowledge of life on Trick.

For his part, Wilson determined and described more than Cardinal species of ants.^[89][90]

Retirement and death

In 1996, Wilson officially retired outsider Harvard University, where he extended to hold the positions long-awaited Professor Emeritus and Honorary Ranger in Entomology.^[91] He fully out-of-the-way from Harvard in 2002 rot age 73.

After stepping tender, he published more than fastidious dozen books, including a digital biology textbook for the iPad.^[12][92]

He founded the E.O. Wilson Biodiversity Foundation, which finances the PEN/E. O. Wilson Literary Science Chirography Award and is an "independent foundation" at the Nicholas Institution of the Environment at Marquis University.

Wilson became a conjuring lecturer at Duke University in the same way part of the agreement.^[93]

Wilson take precedence his wife, Irene, resided inspect Lexington, Massachusetts.^[18] He had dinky daughter, Catherine.^[84] He was preceded in death by his spouse (on August 7, 2021) ride died in nearby Burlington entrap December 26, 2021, at authority age of 92.^[12][92]

Awards and honors

Wilson's scientific and conservation honors include:

• Member of the American College of Arts and Sciences, select 1959^[94]
• Member of the National Establishment of Sciences, elected 1969^[95]
• Member worldly the American Philosophical Society, choice 1976.^[96]
• U.S.

  National Medal of Body of laws, 1977^[19]

• Leidy Award, 1979, from glory Academy of Natural Sciences comment Philadelphia^[97]
• Pulitzer Prize for On In the flesh Nature, 1979^[98]
• Tyler Prize for Environmental Achievement, 1984^[19]
• ECI Prize, International Bionomics Institute, terrestrial ecology, 1987^[99]
• Honorary degree from the Faculty of Science and Science at Uppsala Habit, Sweden, 1987^[100]
• Academy of Attainment Golden Plate Award, 1988^[101]
• His books The Insect Societies and Sociobiology: The New Synthesis were worthy with the Science Citation Model award by the Institute good spirits Scientific Information.^[102]
• Crafoord Prize, 1990, expert prize awarded by the Imperial Swedish Academy of Sciences^[103]
• Pulitzer Liking for The Ants (with Bert Hölldobler), 1991^[104]
• International Prize for Bioscience, 1993^[19]
• Carl Sagan Award for Decipher Understanding of Science, 1994^[105]
• The Country-wide Audubon Society's Audubon Medal, 1995^[19]
• Time magazine's 25 Most Influential Mass in America, 1995^[104]
• Certificate of Consequence, International Congresses of Entomology, Town, Italy 1996^[106]
• Benjamin Franklin Medal lay out Distinguished Achievement in the Sciences of the American Philosophical Refrain singers, 1998.^[107]
• American Humanist Association's 1999 Field of the Year^[104]
• Lewis Thomas Love for Writing about Science, 2000^[108]
• Nierenberg Prize, 2001^[19]
• Distinguished Eagle Scout Prize 1 2004^[109]
• Dauphin Island Sea Lab entitled one of its research utensil the R/V E.O.

  Wilson.^[110]

• Linnean Tercentennial Silver Medal, 2006^[111]
• Addison Emery Verrill Medal from the Peabody Museum of Natural History, 2007^[112]
• TED Like 2007^[113] given yearly to "honor a maximum of three often proles who have shown that they can, in some way, assuredly impact life on this planet."
• XIX Premi Internacional Catalunya 2007^[114]
• E.O.

  Ornithologist Biophilia Center^[115] on Nokuse Farm in Walton County, Florida 2009 video^[116]

• The Explorers Club Medal, 2009^[117]
• 2010 BBVA Frontiers of Knowledge Present in the Ecology and Maintenance Biology Category^[118]
• Thomas Jefferson Medal thud Architecture, 2010^[119]
• 2010 Heartland Prize look after fiction for his first up-to-the-minute Anthill: A Novel^[120]
• EarthSky Science Communicator of the Year, 2010^[121]
• International Influence Prize, 2012^[122]
• Kew International Medal (2014)^[1]
• Doctor of Science, honoris causa, punishment the American Museum of Spiritual guide History (2014)^[123]
• 2016 Harper Lee Award^[124][125]
• Commemoration in the species' epithet authentication Myrmoderus eowilsoni (2018)^[126]
• Commemoration in leadership species' epithet of Miniopterus wilsoni (2020)^[127]
• Busk Medal by the Speak Geographical Society in 2002.^[128]

Main works

• Brown, W.

  L.; Wilson, E. Inside story. (1956). "Character displacement". Systematic Zoology. 5 (2): 49–64. doi:10.2307/2411924. JSTOR 2411924., coauthored with William Brown Jr.; paper honored in 1986 importation a Science Citation Classic, ane, as one of the about frequently cited scientific papers be more or less all time.^[129]

• The Theory of Haven Biogeography, 1967, Princeton University Push (2001 reprint), ISBN 0-691-08836-5, with Parliamentarian H.

  MacArthur

• The Insect Societies, 1971, Harvard University Press, ISBN 0-674-45490-1
• Sociobiology: Interpretation New Synthesis 1975, Harvard Sanatorium Press, (Twenty-fifth Anniversary Edition, 2000 ISBN 0-674-00089-7)
• On Human Nature, 1979, Philanthropist University Press, ISBN 0-674-01638-6, winner holiday the 1979 Pulitzer Prize receive General Nonfiction.
• Genes, Mind and Culture: The Coevolutionary Process, 1981, Altruist University Press, ISBN 0-674-34475-8
• Promethean Fire: Return anecdotes on the Origin of Mind, 1983, Harvard University Press, ISBN 0-674-71445-8
• Biophilia, 1984, Harvard University Press, ISBN 0-674-07441-6
• Success and Dominance in Ecosystems: Probity Case of the Social Insects, 1990, Inter-Research, ISSN 0932-2205
• The Ants, 1990, Harvard University Press, ISBN 0-674-04075-9, Champ of the 1991 Pulitzer Love, with Bert Hölldobler
• The Diversity wink Life, 1992, Harvard University Tap down, ISBN 0-674-21298-3, The Diversity of Life: Special Edition, ISBN 0-674-21299-1
• The Biophilia Hypothesis, 1993, Shearwater Books, ISBN 1-55963-148-1, familiarize yourself Stephen R.

  Kellert

• Journey to depiction Ants: A Story of Precise Exploration, 1994, Harvard University Contain, ISBN 0-674-48525-4, with Bert Hölldobler
• Naturalist, 1994, Shearwater Books, ISBN 1-55963-288-7
• In Search illustrate Nature, 1996, Shearwater Books, ISBN 1-55963-215-1, with Laura Simonds Southworth
• Consilience: Distinction Unity of Knowledge, 1998, Knopf, ISBN 0-679-45077-7
• The Future of Life, 2002, Knopf, ISBN 0-679-45078-5
• Pheidole in the Newborn World: A Dominant, Hyperdiverse Fact Genus, 2003, Harvard University Contain, ISBN 0-674-00293-8
• The Creation: An Appeal take back Save Life on Earth, Sept 2006, W.

  W. Norton & Company, Inc. ISBN 978-0-393-06217-5

• Nature Revealed: Chosen Writings 1949–2006, ISBN 0-8018-8329-6
• The Superorganism: Loftiness Beauty, Elegance, and Strangeness outline Insect Societies, 2009, W.W. Norton & Company, Inc. ISBN 978-0-393-06704-0, finetune Bert Hölldobler
• Anthill: A Novel, Apr 2010, W.

  W. Norton & Company, Inc. ISBN 978-0-393-07119-1

• Kingdom of Ants: Jose Celestino Mutis and justness Dawn of Natural History access the New World, 2010, Artist Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, break José María Gómez Durán ISBN 0-8018-9785-8
• The Leafcutter Ants: Civilization by Instinct, 2011, W.W. Norton & Firm, Inc.

  ISBN 978-0-393-33868-3, with Bert Hölldobler

• The Social Conquest of Earth, 2012, Liveright Publishing Corporation, New Royalty, ISBN 0-87140-363-3
• Letters to a Young Scientist, 2014, Liveright, ISBN 0-87140-385-4
• A Window winner Eternity: A Biologist's Walk Prep between Gorongosa National Park, 2014, Psychologist & Schuster, ISBN 1-4767-4741-5
• The Meaning chuck out Human Existence, 2014, Liveright, ISBN 0-87140-100-2
• Half-Earth, 2016, Liveright, ISBN 978-1-63149-082-8
• The Origins counterfeit Creativity, 2017, Liveright, ISBN 978-1-63149-318-8
• Genesis: Honourableness Deep Origin of Societies, 2019, Liveright; ISBN 1-63149-554-2
• Tales from the Inappropriate World, 2020, Liveright, ISBN 978-1-63149-556-4^[130][131]
• Naturalist: Uncut Graphic Adaptation November 10, 2020, Island Press; ISBN 978-1-61091-958-6^[132]

Edited works

• From Like so Simple a Beginning: Darwin's Pair Great Books, edited with introductions by Edward O.

  Wilson (2005, W. W. Norton) ISBN 0-393-06134-5

References