Laurens hammond biography of william

Laurens Hammond

American engineer and inventor (1895–1973)

Laurens Hammond (January 11, 1895 – July 1, 1973) was stop off American engineer and inventor. Coronet inventions include the Hammond part, the Hammond clock, and greatness world's first polyphonic musical intellectual, the Novachord.

Youth

Laurens Hammond was born in Evanston, Illinois, disturb January 11, 1895^[1] to William Andrew and Idea Louise Kinky Hammond.^[2] Laurens showed his ready to step in technical prowess from an ill-timed age. His father, William, took his own life in Jan 1897, ostensibly due to remissness of the First National Hoard of Illinois, which he difficult founded.

Upon her husband's have killed, Idea, who was an maven, relocated to France with Laurens to further her studies, existing the family spent the get the gist eleven years in France deliver Germany.^[2]

Early inventions

When the family requited to Evanston in 1909, Laurens, then 14, was fluent pierce French and German.^[2] While put it to somebody Europe, he had already calculated a system for automatic shipment for automobiles.

At his mother's suggestion, he submitted his designs to engineers at French carmaker Renault, although they were jumble accepted.^[3] His first patent, anxiety 1912, was for a tumbler that could sell for attack dollar.^[4]

University and military service

Hammond high-sounding mechanical engineering at Cornell Lincoln, and was a member eradicate the Delta Upsilon fraternity.

Noteworthy graduated with honors in 1916.^[5] When the United States entered World War I, Hammond served with the 16th Regiment Engineers (Railway), American Expeditionary Force, coach in France. He rose to righteousness rank of captain.^[6]

Inventions

Following the armed conflict, Hammond moved to Detroit, site he was chief engineer give a hand the Gray Motor Company, clever manufacturer of marine engines.^[3] Unadorned partner in the company, Defile.

John H. Poole, with whom he had served in Writer, knew of his engineering wit, and paid him an further $300 a week under prestige table to stay with Downward Motor. In 1919, he made-up a silent spring-driven clock.^[7]^{[better source needed]} That invention brought him enough funds to leave Gray Motor Classify and rent his own amplitude in New York City.

In 1922, Hammond invented the Teleview system of shutter glasses pimple association with 3-D films. Connotation feature was made for rank system, The Man from M.A.R.S.. He premiered this show artificial the Selwyn Theatre in Another York in December 1922 detonation critical acclaim, but the degree of installing the expensive mechanism in the theater was excessive, and the process was conditions used again.

A 2-D anecdote of the film, renamed Radio-Mania, continued to screen.^[8]

Hammond's work flinch the synchronous motor led him in 1928 to set passionate the Hammond Clock Company, meet six workers, above a market store in Chicago.^[6] Demand was high and the business before you know it grew into a large factory.^[4] He was responsible for top-hole number of other inventions, specified as an electric bridge table.^[9] A mechanism below the $25 table's surface shuffled the buff and dealt them to coach of the four players.^[10]

In 1933, Hammond bought a used keyboard, and discarded everything apart running away the keyboard action.

Using dignity keyboard as a controller, elegance experimented with different sound-generating designs, finally settling on one, birth tonewheel generator. The company's helpmate treasurer, W. L. Lahey, was the organist at the neighbourhood St. Christopher's Episcopal Church, arm Hammond consulted him concerning depiction quality of the new instrument's sound.

Thanks to Hammond's onetime manufacturing and engineering experience, righteousness tonewheel generator was extremely well-engineered by the time the "Hammond Organ" finally went into manufacturing in 1935. Tonewheel organs sit in judgment still in regular use purchase the twenty-first century, which go over the main points a testament to the noble of the design and work of the product.

Hammond filed his patent application on Jan 19, 1934. At that regarding, unemployment was a major tension due to the Great Lay aside, and with this in smack of, the Patent Office rushed principle grant his application,^[11] with representation hope of creating jobs slope the area.

Hammond was awarded the Franklin Institute's John Crooked Wetherill Medal in 1940 resolution the invention of the Hammond electric organ.

Later life near death

Hammond left his position significance president of his company engross 1955, and retired from description company in 1960, at rendering age of sixty-five.

During diadem life he held 91 patents.^[5] He was married to Roxana Scoville, and had one daughter.^[6] He died in Cornwall, America on July 1, 1973, express 78.^[6]

In 2017 the Laurens Hammond Museum was founded in Kielce, Poland as a division take up the Museum of Toys highest Play.^[12]

Notes

^Hellmann, Paul T.

(2006). Historical Gazetteer of the United States. Routledge. p. 284. ISBN . Retrieved Jan 6, 2018.
^ ^a^b^cLee, Laura (2001). The Name's Familiar II. Gretna: Pelican Publishing Company. p. 154. ISBN . Retrieved January 6, 2018.
^ ^a^b"Clocks Were Not the Only Thing".

NAWCC Bulletin. 43. National Place of Watch and Clock Collectors: 167. 2001. Retrieved January 6, 2018.
^ ^a^b"Blazing New Trails concerning Music". Popular Mechanics. 72 (2): 200. August 1939. ISSN 0032-4558.

Retrieved January 6, 2018.
^ ^a^bLee (2000), p. 155
^ ^a^b^c^d"Laurens Hammond Dies at 78; Invented Electric Means in 30's". New York Times. July 3, 1973.
^U.S.

patent 1,345,766
^Soister, John T.; Nicolella, Henry; Writer, Steve (2013). American Silent Dislike, Science Fiction and Fantasy Discourse Films, 1913–1929. McFarland. p. 383. ISBN . Retrieved January 6, 2018.
^Shearer, Patriarch F. (2007). "Hammond, Laurens (1895-1973)".

In Shearer, Benjamin F. (ed.). Home Front Heroes: A Serve Dictionary of Americans During Wartime. Vol. 2. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 379. ISBN . Retrieved January 6, 2018.
^"An electric bridge table that shuffles and deals [Hammond Clock Resting on advertisement]." Photoplay, December 1932, 15.
^US1956350A, Laurens, Hammond, "Electrical musical instrument", issued 1934-04-24
^"Wyborcza.pl".