Carl jung biography and theory pdf

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Jung, Carl Gustav (1875–1961). In: James D. Discoverer (editor-in-chief), International Encyclopedia of significance Social & Behavioral Sciences, Ordinal edition, Vol 12. Oxford: Elsevier. pp. 902–906. ISBN: 9780080970868 Palpable © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. unless otherwise stated. All rights mound. Elsevier Author's personal copy Psychologist, Carl Gustav (1875–1961) Angela Graf-Nold, Zurich, Switzerland Ó 2015 Elsevier Ltd.

All rights reserved. Unworldly Carl Gustav Jung (1875–1961) was one of the main founders of psychoanalysis and general measure psychology, beneath Sigmund Freud gift Alfred Adler. He was simulation editor of the first theoretical psychoanalytic periodical Jahrbuch für psychopathologische und psychoanalytische Forschungen (ed. jam Bleuler and Freud) and father and president of the Supranational Psychoanalytic Association (1910–13).

With above all academic background from the City school of psychiatry (Burghölzli health centre, University of Zurich), encounters partner Freud, and in confrontation not in favour of his own unconscious processes, Psychologist developed his own psychological taste under the term analytical crazy. His research was centered take turns the nature and the common constellations of the psychic functions (reasoning, feeling, sensation, intuition) alight their relations to the individualism process, as well as interpretation nature of the unconscious dispatch its relation to consciousness (archetypes, cross-cultural patterns of the individualization process, synchronicity).

Jung was autochthonous in Switzerland at Kesswil, at hand Lake Constance, on 26 July 1875, son of the cleric Paul Jung and his better half, Emilie B. Preiswerk; in 1902 he married Emma Rauschenbach (1882–1956), daughter of a wealthy builder, with whom he had five children, one son and join daughters. He died at birth age of 85 on 6 June 1961, in his deal with in Küsnacht, Lake Zürich.

Carry 1895, Jung began his sanative studies at the University doomed Basel. The sudden death take off his father in 1886 caused some financial troubles, and not done him to take care scholarship his mother and sister Gertrud, who was 9 years junior than he was. His rareness contrasted with the continued term of both of his make something stand out, well-known grandfathers, both fathers confiscate 13 children and both professors at Basel University.

Carl Gustav Jung, Senior (1794–1864), a governmental refugee from Mannheim, Germany, difficult been a professor of physic and president of Basel Routine. Samuel Preiswerk (1799–1871), C.G. Jung’s maternal grandfather, professor of system and ancient Hebrew at say publicly university, had served as nobleness president of the reformed ministers in the Basel Canton.

Subsequently his exams in December 1900, Jung decided to leave Metropolis and follow a professional lifetime as a psychiatrist, beginning significance a second assistant at honourableness psychiatric hospital Burghölzli in City. At the time, the Burghölzli asylum, southwest of the socket of Zurich, was under influence direction of Eugen Bleuler; site was then the most ‘modern’ institution for mentally ill citizens, was affiliated with the Further education college of Zurich, and its supervisor was at the same goal also professor of psychiatry cutting remark the university.

The context be fond of the work at Burghölzli sanctuary is visible in Jung’s consequent work. The reputation of Burghölzli asylum was the merit make merry Bleuler’s predecessor Auguste Forel, who during his 20 years guidance from 1879 to 1898 difficult to understand established the professional standards lecture the daily routine in influence clinic and had set statutory standards for admission, treatment, topmost dismissal of the patients; farce regard to the discipline aristocratic psychiatry, he outlined and professed an unbiased empirical approach know mental phenomena, focusing as excellent on the neurological, psychological, most recent social aspects of mental disorders (biopsycho-social model of mental illness/Zurich school of 902 psychiatry).

Comatose the beginning an ardent dawn in neurology, the everyday woe of his patients soon anxious him to abandon neurological research; instead, Forel (a Swiss francophone) introduced hypnosis (as practiced dampen the ‘French School of Nancy’ of H. Bernheim) as efficient first psychotherapeutic treatment for inpatients. In hypnosis, Forel found honesty proof for the existence assault subconscious processes that were cost to externally observable neurological phenomena (scientific monism).

His textbook troupe hypnotism became very famous arena is still available in scrawl (Forel). In 1898, Forel get away from his job in order expectation dedicate himself further to prestige prevention of mental illness; noteworthy wrote an international bestseller rigidity sexual education, The Sexual Painstakingly, 1905, and internationally got throw yourself into in promoting alcohol abstinence.

Immobilize very active as an manager, author, lecturer, and psychiatric hotshot, he stayed a dominant figure in Swiss psychiatry, and was a critical observer of grandeur activities at the Burghölzli dispensary where Jung soon began reduce play a dominant role. Bleuler, who was director of rectitude clinic when Jung started, unequivocally shared Forel’s conception of weird illness.

As Forel’s assistant, take steps had supported him in emperor pioneering neurological research, then soil had participated very actively invite the exciting introduction of hypnosis at the Burghölzli 1885/86. Crush 1886, he took over depiction directorship of the remote haven Rheinau, an institution for contemplate 400 chronically, mentally ill patients; there he lived as span bachelor with only one analeptic colleague and the housekeeper’s kinsfolk together with the patients.

Type director of the Burghölzli asylum, Bleuler obviously appreciated the swing results of his scientific beginning personal isolation. He immediately overfriendly a scientific debating club funds his medical staff and keep inside colleagues, which met weekly, patchwork in the Burghölzli and fluky the private clinic of circlet colleague, the Russian–Swiss neurologist Parable.

von Monakow. This circle established an important part of righteousness ‘creative scientific community’ (Loewenberg, 1995) of the Burghölzli staff; picture debates about Freud and treatment began here, and finally psychoanalytical interpretations were applied not exclusive to patients’ behavior and dreams but also mutually to colleagues and friends.

International Encyclopedia point toward the Social & Behavioral Sciences, 2nd edition, Volume 12 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-097086-8.61063-2 International Encyclopedia of the Community & Behavioral Sciences, Second Footpath, 2015, 902–906 Author's personal replica Jung, Carl Gustav (1875–1961) Stingy was this environment that Psychologist experienced at Burghölzli hospital; importance was quite a shock courier like an entrance in far-out “monastery of the world.” Team a few medical doctors, beneath Bleuler, gorilla well as a secondary medical practitioner and one ordinary assistant, were in charge for about Cardinal mentally ill patients; he see his colleagues lived as interns in single rooms; the bumptious and the secondary doctor difficult to understand apartments, and about 80 waiters slept on foldaway beds value the patients’ rooms or divert the corridors and could proceed home only once every several weeks.

“My inability to see gave me such a put a damper on of inferiority, that I couldn’t bear to go outside influence hospital” (Jung, 1925/1989). He problem through the available literature unacceptable dedicated himself to the glance at of his cases. Soon flair began his dissertation, ‘On righteousness psychology and pathology of called occult phenomena.’ 1902 In that doctoral thesis, Jung studied government spiritualistic experiments with his relative Hélène Preiswerk, which he locked away carried out with her schoolwork the end of his examination studies, and treated her folder in the context of (hysterical) patients of the Burghölzli refuge.

In a quite minor case, he referred to Freud captain Breuer’s Studies on Hysteria champion to Freud’s Interpretation of Dreams, but mainly he relied madeup the new studies of Pierre Janet and Théodore Flournoy. Flournoy, professor of psychology in Genf, had just published a scientific best-seller Les Indes à numb Planète Mars (1900), a inclusive study of a spiritualistic average.

Jung got in touch reach a compromise Flournoy and showed special awareness for his ‘objective-distanced’ approach foresee mental phenomena (which was influenced by his personal friend William James) and his having apt the new findings in span bigger context. Jung’s untroubled affinity with Flournoy outlasted the ostentatious more famous, but never pass for untroubled, friendship with Freud, which began several years later.

Play in October 1902, Jung quit enthrone strenuous job at Burghölzli. Grace went to Paris to discover at the Collège de Author with Pierre Janet and besides learned English at the Berlitz School. In 1903, he wed 21-year-old Emma Rauschenbach, the chick of a factory owner, stake settled in Zurich. At prestige end of 1903, he mutual to Burghölzli hospital, initially tempt an external representative for character resident doctor who had loose ill.

In December 1904, appease finally took over the popular post of resident doctor, at an earlier time moved into the doctor’s kinsmen apartment at the hospital. of his five children were born there and grew snooty together with Bleuler’s family. Bleuler had also recently married primacy philologist and writer Hedwig Waser, one of the first scholastic women in Switzerland.

Both detachment shared the interests of their husbands and took part slot in their scientific discussions; doubtless, at hand also existed a common impersonation expectation for both wives get rid of support their husbands in their professional duties. This ‘participation show everybody’ was due to Bleuler’s ideal of an ‘active community’ (tätige Gemeinschaft).

Bleuler’s previous be aware of as director of the inaccessible Rheinau asylum, with the hurried contact with mostly ‘incurable’ inveterate mentally ill patients, had boisterous him to emphasize the perceptible therapeutic value of an ‘active community,’ in which everybody played according to their abilities hem in meaningful activities. For his especial scientific research interest in that field – the dynamics unknot psychotic behavior – he favourite a hypothesis of 903 medicine conditions that caused a specific discontinuity in the forms shambles association.

Therefore, it was criticize some enthusiasm that, in 1904, Jung and Bleuler set border line a well-equipped psychological laboratory aspire association experiments. These played top-notch prominent part in psychological investigating at the time, especially in bad taste the school of Wilhelm Wundt at the University of City (Germany). Their findings soon blunted to passionate debates in primacy debating club.

In giving banking not only of the regularities of the test persons’ responses to the stimulus words, reorganization was usual in the Wundtian approach, but also to integrity ‘intruders in the mind,’ blue blood the gentry irregularities (delays of reaction bygone, repetitions, and other disturbances), Psychologist and his coworkers (initially Franz Riklin, Sr., Jung’s wife, Ludwig Binswanger, and several volunteers) identified the ‘emotional-toned complexes’ (gefühlsbetonte Komplexe) of the test persons primate autonomous expressions of their curbed or dissociated unconscious conflicts.

These results were particularly decisive represent Jung. Behind completely ‘mad’ manner he discovered quite normal promise and desires. Paranoiac ideas come to rest hallucinations revealed their hidden confidence in the context of birth patient’s life stories. “At magnanimity bottom we discover nothing another and unknown in the intellectually ill; rather, we encounter decency substratum of our own nature,” he stated.

“That was guarantee that time a very unfriendly experience” (Jung and Jaffé, 1963). When Jung was preparing excellent paper for his application tempt lecturer at Zurich University take away 1905, he realized that monarch findings threw a new soothing on Freud’s theory of inhibition. He decided to stand lecture for him, despite Freud’s good enough reputation in academic psychiatry.

Delicate 1906, Jung published a first volume of Association Studies, which he sent to Freud burst Vienna. In 1907, he promulgated On the Psychology of Dementedness Praecox, which included a photographic case study with association experiments of an old female acquiescent of the clinic, who owing to Forel’s time had served trade in a demonstration case for group of pupils.

These two publications inaugurated unembellished remarkably passionate personal relationship work to rule Freud, which is documented solution hundreds of letters (Freud innermost Jung, 1974). Bleuler shared keen special enthusiasm for Freud, even supposing, like Jung, he was on all occasions somewhat critical about Freud’s not long ago elaborated sexual theory and same criticized Freud’s dogmatic, sectarian tendencies as an impropriety toward description scientific community (Freud and Bleuler, 2013).

In October 1907, Psychologist – against some opposition devour Bleuler’s side – founded resourcefulness informal ‘Freud Club’ at birth Burghölzli, which met independently bring forth the other regular scientific pikestaff meetings. In April 1908, Psychologist organized a first Psychoanalytical Session (private meeting) in Salzburg. Clash this occasion, a first public publication was founded – grandeur Jahrbuchfür psychopathologische und psychoanalytische Forschungen, edited by Bleuler and Analyst, and compiled by C.G.

Psychologist. Thus Jung, with the determinant support of Bleuler, inaugurated high-mindedness reception of Freudian psychoanalysis compel academic psychiatry and the starting point of the so-called ‘psychoanalytic movement.’ The culmination of – chimpanzee well as the turning scrutiny in – the relationship assault Freud and Jung was their joint trip in September 1909 to the 20th Anniversary Seminar of Clark University, Worcester, Colony.

Both had to lecture allow were honored with their first honorary degrees. Jung had antediluvian invited independently, because of stock connections International Encyclopedia of blue blood the gentry Social & Behavioral Sciences, In a short time Edition, 2015, 902–906 Author's oneoff copy 904 Jung, Carl Gustav (1875–1961) between the Burghölzli shelter old-fashioned and Clark University through Forel’s connections with his former schoolchild and friend Adolf Meyer, nifty Swiss immigrant to the Affiliated States, which played a de rigueur role in the formation draw round American Psychiatry.

In the 6 weeks together with Freud by way of the trip to the Banded together States, some strange personal control and some critical points assimilate mutual dream interpretations inevitably leak out to Jung the limits elect a friendly and cooperative communications with Freud. Nevertheless, he long to act for Freud chimpanzee organizer and founder of integrity International Psychoanalytical Association, a job that he later remarked turn as collaboration à toux prix.

In 1910, he was vote for president of the International Psychoanalytic Association. Shortly after Freud’s piqued break with Alfred Adler break through 1912, Freud challenged Jung’s supervision with the organization of natty ‘secret committee,’ consisting only read very ‘confidential’ followers – but Jung.

Jung subsequently resigned though the editor of Jahrbuch come out of October 1913, and then orangutan president of the International Psychotherapy Association in April 1914. Tab March 1909, some months at one time his trip to the Affiliated States with Freud, Jung go away from his job at the Burghölzli clinic and opened a top secret practice as psychiatrist in Küsnacht, Lake Zurich.

In the Decade and 1930s, his popularity began to grow. After 1929 operate was engaged in the Public Medical Society for Psychotherapy (Allg. Aerztl. Gesellschaft f. Psychotherapie) station was an author and coeditor of the affiliated Zentralblatt für Psychotherapie (Berlin); after the forgoing of the society’s president Kretschmer in 1933 after Hitler’s brand to power, Jung accepted goodness presidency of this organization focus on editorship of the affiliated Zentralblatt für Psychotherapie.

He defended that compromising collaboration with German psychotherapists with his aim to churn the society as an pandemic institution in order to ease some colleagues maintain their functions, and to prevent a habitual abolition of psychotherapy as dexterous medical discipline in Germany. Care initial and partial success accomplice these goals, Jung finally acquiescent in 1940 (Giovanni Sorge, 2012).

In 1933, Jung resumed jurisdiction academic lecturing, as a academic for ‘modern psychology’ within depiction General Department of the Land Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zurich, he lectured courses hit ‘Modern Psychology’ (psychology of high-mindedness unconscious/the process of individuation). Withdraw 1934, he was awarded loftiness title of professor; he persevering because of health reasons knock over summer 1941.

From 1944 rant 1945 he held a cathedra in medical psychology at magnanimity University of Basel. In 1948, the Jung Institute in Metropolis (later Küsnacht) was established next to an international committee of timeconsuming of his associates as unadulterated research and training center in favour of Jungian analysts. Analytical Psychology: Tax to Science In 1909, like lightning after Jung returned from loftiness United States, he immersed ourselves in archeological and mythological data in order to differentiate her majesty own view of the lowkey from Freud’s.

The result was his major work Wandlungen bargain Symbole der Libido (1912), following published in English as Excellence Psychology of the Unconscious (1916). In contrast with Freud’s personalistic view of the psyche – i.e., his attempt to cut back the unconscious to a beating place of the personal, erotic conflicts of the dreamer – for Jung, sexuality was call the sole determining factor; moderately, the main point was become absent-minded the unconscious had an self-ruling life, which reflected not the personal, but also character common, collective history of goodness mind.

The manifestations of excellence unconscious stood not only sue for a causal, reductive purpose, nevertheless also had a final, ie, forward-looking, meaning. Relying on dreadful products of automatic writing (two hymns and the dramatic fable of an Indo-American hero) communicate by a young American, Scatter Frank Miller (first published fragment 1905 in the Archives arm Psychologie, ed.

by Flournoy), Psychologist presented his own conception hint the libido as a habitual ‘psychic energy’ with a threefold nature, split into positive shaft negative poles with a ill flux between construction and de(con)struction. He also outlined an ‘anatomy and embryology of mental development,’ which followed common patterns pressure changing imaginary processes in justness history of mankind, as come after as in the personal wildlife of each individual person.

Unshakable between an analysis of Drive out Miller’s fantasies, some hidden soul-searching, a detailed analysis of pious hero myths of humankind let alone Mithraism to Christianity, and block off analysis of classical and dreamy philosophy and literature, he precocious his theory of the remake and energetic functioning of representation psyche without yet coining topping decisive terminology of his entire.

In the years between 1912 and 1918, Jung experienced wonderful time of personal insecurity spell scientific isolation. He resigned carry too far his post as lecturer rest the university and then loyal himself to his international exercise as a psychotherapist, concentrating reposition his private studies and way of thinking his confrontation with his wind up unconscious.

He documented these studies in black notebooks, elaborating run through them with calligraphy and cautious illustrations in a red leather–bound representative volume; in an address from 1959 he stated turn this way it was necessary to expend the overwhelming power of rule original experience until they make ineffective their way in reality meet his acquaintance with alchemy, which allowed him to integrate them into a whole.

This Closetogether Book was recently published (Jung 2010, ed. by Sonu Shamdasani, 2010). In 1921, Jung obtainable his major book, Psychological Types, in which he linked king historical research with the findings of his self-analytical process. Misstep outlined the key concepts divagate later became characteristic of persistent psychology such as ‘types,’ ‘collective unconscious,’ and ‘individuation process.’ Psychologist had become interested in righteousness question of psychological types due to of the differences he apparent between Adler and Freud.

Farm critical reference to historical matter, Jung elaborated a model designate typology, with eight psychological types – two main attitude types of extroverts and introverts, new to the job subdivided by the predominance have a high regard for one of four psychological functions: thinking, feeling, sensation, and foreboding. While sensation conveys concrete 1 through the senses, intuition conveys the hidden possibilities in integrity background.

And while thinking leads to a judgment about say publicly meaning of concrete reality, mood leads to a judgment be keen on its worth. Normally one imagination or function prevails (superior function) and the opposite (inferior) aspect or function remains undeveloped, extra unconscious, and undifferentiated. The certainty of this model lies fair in its contribution to perception psychology than in the presumption of knowledge and the assumption of the therapeutic process kind a quest for wholeness.

Global Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences, Second Edition, 2015, 902–906 Author's personal copy Psychologist, Carl Gustav (1875–1961) From that experience of the relativity rot every standpoint with respect pact psychic reality, Jung highlighted nobility significance of the ‘personal equation’ as a prior condition sequester any psychological statements – i the position that what a-okay psychologist claimed to be speculation of human psychology as a-one whole was first and first a subjective confession.

Additionally, perform developed a conception of high-mindedness therapeutic process, which involved cry only becoming conscious of withdrawn contents of the unconscious on the contrary also integrating the psyche unthinkable developing a much more all-inclusive approach to inner and on the outside realities. This process of individualization involved withdrawing projections that arrange structured according to certain free of charge images of the unconscious (archetypes); these reflect the common anecdote of mankind (archetypes of blue blood the gentry collective unconscious) as well because the repressed images of one’s own personal history (personal complexes).

Common and ubiquitous archetypes object the shadow, the unconscious disputatious side of the personality; magnanimity hero, the idealized picture be in opposition to the person; the anima, rendering animus; and the repressed female/male soul picture in men additional women. This process provokes air ethical conflict in each patient; they have to take topic for their mental attitudes added develop a fuller approach pick up reality not only in content 2, but also in feelings, reasonable, and intuition.

As a objective, the center of a woman moves from the ego (the center of consciousness) toward honourableness self (the center of representation whole, individual, conscious and knocked out psyche). As therapeutic methods back this process, Jung developed physical imagination (as a method nucleus assimilating unconscious contents by a sprinkling forms of self-expression) and amplification (circumambulation) of the symbols (instead of free association in Heart analysis).

The foundation of authority dynamic concept that became acknowledged as analytical psychology and interpretation institutionalization of Jungian analysis were connected with the founding a range of the Psychological Club in 1916. This was made possible toddler the generous financial gift disregard Jung’s American patient, Edith Altruist McCormick.

After Jung’s separation spread the Burghölzli clinic and dignity Freudian circle, the Club reestablished an important debating forum contact which he could communicate enthrone ideas to interested patients, colleagues, and scientists. Here many time off his former patients – amid them his life-long special helper and friend Toni Wolff, surmount secretary and the compiler spend his biography, the psychologist Aniela Jaffé, and the philologist stop off ancient languages Marie Louise von Franz – were encouraged chitchat take up public lecturing.

Worry the Club he also fall down outstanding academics in his primary subjects of interest, such restructuring mythology, religious studies, philosophy, thought processes, and archeology. Club lecturers star Karl Kerényi, pioneer in Hellene mythology, the young Mircea Eliade, pioneer in the science divest yourself of religions, Gershom Scholem, the German-born Israeli philosopher and historian, very last other representatives of different Religionist, Indian, Jewish, and Eastern godfearing traditions.

Richard Wilhelm, missionary lowly China and sinologist, had simple special impact on Jung. Wilhelm shared with him the lever mystical Taoist text The Blush of the Golden Flower. Spot was in this text roam Jung first discovered the packages of his individuation concept smash Eastern philosophy and worked denote his mandala symbolism for psychogenic wholeness or the self.

Outlander 1933 on, the Club lectures and Jung’s public lectures silky ETH were supplemented by honesty Eranos Conferences, which 905 were organized by Olga Fröbe, initiative English-Dutch spiritualist and scholar, every so often summer for a fortnight funny story her house at Lake Maggiore in Moscia, near Ascona, Schweiz. In the atmosphere of these meetings with contemporary pioneers president authorities in all fields advance modern science and spirituality, much as the Jewish philosopher Player Buber, the Indologist Heinrich Framework, the biologist Adolf Portmann, bear many others, Jung presented spell discussed his view of vocal Christianity and medieval alchemy, rectitude archetypes of the collective intrinsic, and the principle of synchronism (Hakl, 2013).

An encounter keep death in 1944 marked say publicly beginning of the period suffer defeat Jung’s final elaboration of content 2. His main work on vocal Christianity, Answer to Job (1952), and his major work contend alchemy, Mysterium Conjunctionis (Mystery take up Conjunction; 1955) appeared at that time. The common principles build up the reconciliation of the opposites of the dual nature go in for the psyche, which he locked away worked out in this larger book, led to the final formulation of his main experimental concept, Synchronicity as a Statute of Acausal Relations (1952), which he published in collaboration get the gist Wolfgang Pauli, professor of physics at ETH.

The idea illustrate an ultimate psychoid archetype represents the connecting principle of divine spark and matter, which are pair aspects of the same ability and can realize themselves exterior both dimensions ‘synchronistically.’ The allied autonomy and unpredictability of say publicly synchronistic phenomena correspond with greatness new findings of subatomic nearby cosmic physics and hint assisting a metaphysical order to which both the psyche of significance perceiving person as well despite the fact that nature itself submit.

Contemporary Involve In contrast with Freud, who gave the impression that treatment “may be likened to Athena’s springing forth fully armed detach from the head of Zeus” (Jones, 1953–57), Jung always tried seat trace back his ideas tutorial older, universal traditions. His innovative work was the rediscovery near an uninterrupted chain of mystic manifestations and spiritual traditions put on the back burner antiquity, gnosticism over alchemy obtain the present.

His early champion for a constructive, forward-looking role in unconscious manifestations led bordering some changes in early psychotherapy treatment that are now accepted in psychotherapy, for instance, picture symmetrical setting (instead of class patient lying down), focus logo present conditions as responsible lease the outbreak of neurosis, be proof against focus on transference and countertransference as the crucial point send for the change of mental bob.

In addition, Jung’s conception loom the spiritual nature of telekinetic life influenced the later transpersonal and humanistic schools of psychoanalysis. His concern with spiritual puzzling traditions often led to debatable claims that he himself was a mystic, selling false dreams of spiritual redemption. The designated evidence of the most inculpatory voice (Noll, 1997) has bent traced back to an patently misidentified and misinterpreted document come first shown to be fallacious (Shamdasani, 1998).

Jung emphasized that fair enough had no ‘doctrine’ to waiting, but rather some methods have a high regard for looking at facts, phenomena, limit natural laws. His approach censure these facts is empirical tag the sense of a massive reflection on the nature addendum all International Encyclopedia of prestige Social & Behavioral Sciences, Quickly Edition, 2015, 902–906 Author's characteristic copy 906 Jung, Carl Gustav (1875–1961) experience that relates disturb self-experience and the nature elder the perceiving psyche.

This viewpoint, which valuates the psyche primate ‘the mother of all information and arts,’ reveals its easily forgotten importance in the approach dealings religious phenomena. The unconscious soul with its autonomous operators (collective archetypes) reflects the numinous, poor, frightening, and timeless spirit crucial changing images that correspond assemble changing religious images from old times to the present.

Make the addition of differentiating between religious images ray religion itself, Jung pointed curry favor the inner experiences open build up everyone independently of every become known belief system. Jung received plentiful honorary degrees: in 1909 rendering first honorary degree, from Adventurer University Worcester, Massachusetts, USA; inlet 1936 from Harvard University, City, Massachusetts, USA; in 1937 take from Hindu-University Benares and the universities of Allahabad und Calcutta/India; coach in 1938 from Oxford University, UK; in 1945 from the Habit of Geneva, Switzerland; and notch 1955 from the Swiss Confederate Institute (ETH), Zurich.

See also: Bleuler, Eugen (1857–1939); Eliade, Mircea (1907–86); Freud, Sigmund (1856–1939); Janet, Pierre (1859–1947); Psychoanalysis, History of; Wundt, Wilhelm Maximilian (1832–1920). Psychoanalyst, Sigmund, Bleuler, Eugen, 2013. Inside bin zuversichtlich, wir erobern absolute die Psychiatrie. Birefwechsel 1904–1937. Schwabe Verlag, Basel.

Freud, Sigmund, Psychologist, Carl Gustav, 1974 (Mannheim, Prominence, Hull, R.F.C., Trans.). In: McGuire, W. (Ed.), Letters. Princeton Installation Press, Princeton, NJ. Graf-Nold, Angela, 1991. History of psychiatry pretend Switzerland. History of Psychiatry 2, 321–328. Graf-Nold, Angela, 01/2007. Jung’s position at the Swiss Yankee Institute of Technology (ETH) Metropolis.

Jung History: a, Semiannual Book of the Philemon Foundation 2 (2), 14–17. Hakl, Hans Apostle, 2013. Eranos/an Alternative Intellectual Version of the 20th Century. Equinox, Sheffield. Jones, Ernest, 1953-57. Sigmund Freud: life and work. Engraver Press, London. Jung, Carl Gustav, 1969. In: Read, H., Fordham, M., Adler, G., McGuire, Sensitive.

(Eds.), Collected Works, 20 Vol. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ. Jung, Carl Gustav, 1989. In: McGuire, W. (Ed.), Analytical Not all there, Notes on a Seminar, Stated 1925. Princeton University Press, Town, NJ. Jung, Carl Gustav, Jaffé, Aniela, 1963. Memories, Dreams, Reflections. Pantheon, New York. Jung, Carl Gustav, Pauli, Wolfgang, 1952.

Naturerkläung und Psyche. Rascher Verlag, Zürich, 1955. The Interpretation of Link and the Psyche. Pantheon, Original York. Jung, Carl Gustav, 2010. In: Shamdasani, S. (Ed.), Honourableness Red Book. Norton, New Dynasty. Jahrbücher, Eranos, 1934–1972. Bd. 1–38. Rhein-Verlag, Zurich. Loewenberg, Peter, 1995. The creation of a scientific community, the Burghölzli 1902–1914.

In: Fantasy and Reality in Version. New York, pp. 46–89. Noll, Richard, 1997. The Aryan Christ: The Secret Life of Carl Jung. Random House, New Royalty. Shamdasani, Sonu, 1998. Cult Fictions. C.G. Jung and the Introduction of Analytical Psychology. Routledge playing field Kegan Paul, London. Sorge, Giovanni, Fall 2012.

Jung’s presidency light the international general medical camaraderie of psychotherapy. New insights. Psychologist Journal: Culture and Psyche 6 (4), 31–53. Relevant Websites Roster Bair, Deirdre, 2003. Jung: Keen Biography. Little, Brown, Boston. Bleuler, Eugen, 1923. Textbook of Therapy. Allen and Unwin, London. Ellenberger, Henry F., 1970.

The Learn of the Unconscious. The Depiction and Evolution of Dynamic Psychoanalysis. Penguin Books, London. Flournoy, Théodore, 1900/1994. Les Indes à latitude Planète Mars. Atar, Genève, 1994. From India to the Globe Mars. A Case of Miscellaneous Personality with Imaginary Languages. Irregular. Shamdasani, S., Trans. Vermilye, D., Princeton Univeristy Press, Princeton.

Fordham, Frieda, 1953. An Introduction make ill Jung’s Psychology. Penguin Books, Town, Vic. Forel, Auguste, Forel, A., 1889–2013. Hypnotismus. Engl.: Hypnotism 1907–2009, Rebmann. BiblioLife, New York/Charleston, Wedding album. Forel, Auguste, 1908–1933. (105) Expire Sexuelle Frage. Engl. Adap.:The sex question, by C.F.

Marshall. www.aras.org – The Archive for Check in Archetpyal Symbolism. www.iaap.org – IAAP - International Association oblige Analytical Psychology. http://www.cgjunggesellschaften.eu. www.cgjungpage.org – Reflections on Psychology, Culture tell Life. The Jung page. Integument Face to Face: BBC -Interview with C.G. Jung, John Ratepayer, October 1959.

Matter of Station (1986), 107 min. Carl Gustav Jung, featuring interviews with those who knew him and collect footage of Jung. (Withney, M., Wagner, S.). International Encyclopedia eliminate the Social & Behavioral Sciences, Second Edition, 2015, 902–906